大城县西瓜种植气象条件分析及生产建议

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions and Production Suggestions for Watermelon Planting in Dacheng County

利用大城县1986~2015年30 a的气象资料,分析该县4~6月温度、日照和降水等气象条件与西瓜生长的关系。结果表明:大城县4~6月的>10℃有效积温平均值为1 810.7℃,平均日照时数为707.4 h,平均降水量为126.7 mm,基本上能够满足西瓜生长的需求;但降水时间分布不均,易造成旱涝灾害。大城县瓜农在此气候条件下进行西瓜生产时要科学种植,适时田间管理:4月覆膜增加地表温度,保障出苗率,防止倒春寒;4~5月灌溉条件差的地区应预防旱灾的发生;6月应预防涝灾和雹灾的发生。

Based on the 30-year meteorological data from 1986 to 2015 in Dacheng County, the relationship between the temperature,sunshine,precipitation and other meteorological conditions and the growth of watermelon from April to June were analyzed. The results showed that the average effective accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ between April and June was 1 810.7 ℃,the average sunshine hours was 707.4 h and the average precipitation was 126.7 mm,which could basically meet the needs of watermelon growth,but the distribution of precipitation time was uneven,which easily caused drought and waterlog. Therefore,scientific planting,proper field management, timely and efficient response to meteorological disasters are essential ways to improve the output value of watermelons. The mulching film in April could increase the surface temperature, ensure the emergence rate,and prevent cold spell in later spring. The regions with poor irrigation conditions should prevent drought from April to May. The waterlog and hail should be prevented in June.