民国期刊视角下近代包工制探析

Study on Modern Labor Contract System in Periodicals of the Republic of China

近代中国包工制的产生与西方资本主义对中国进行经济侵略有关,是近代中国农村破产、城乡劳动力流动分化的必然结果。这一制度的发展、消亡体现了旧中国早期城市化的曲折发展过程,也折射出民国时期社会底层普通民众的生活图景。因种种原因,政府在整顿取缔包工制、保护劳工方面举步维艰,困难重重。新中国成立后,随着社会生产力的发展,废除阻碍社会进步的包工制是社会变革的必然,也是近代中国工业化与城市化发展的必然要求。

The emergence of the labor contract system is related to the economic invasion of western capitalism to China in modern times. That is the inevitable result of the rural bankruptcy and the differentiation of labor force between the urban and rural areas in modern China. The development and extinction of this system reflects the tortuous development process of the early urbanization of the old China,and also reflects the life picture of the ordinary people in the social bottom of the Republic of China. For various reasons,the government struggles to rectify and suppress the labor contract system and protect labor. After the founding of new China,with the development of social productivity,abolishing the labor contract system was the necessity of social changes and the inevitable requirement of the development of industrialization and urbanization in modern China.