论阿利森对康德道德律演绎的重构

On Allison's Reconstruction of Kant's Deduction of the Moral Law

康德分别在《道德形而上学的奠基》和《实践理性批判》对道德律的有效性做过不同方式的演绎,在前书中他以先天演绎的方式论证道德律的有效性,这导致了表面上的"循环论证",后书中的论证则陷入了批评者所谓"独断论"的桎梏。但阿利森认为《实践理性批判》基于"理性的事实"展开的演绎方式是解开循环的一把钥匙,也是演绎道德律的恰当方式。阿利森在他的专著《康德的自由理论》第三部分分析了康德对道德律之有效性的演绎,并根据理性存在者和理性行为者的区分给出了自己对道德律演绎的重构思路。

There are different ways of deducing the validity of moral law in Kant’ s Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals and Practical rational criticism .In the first book,he demonstrates the validity of moral law in the way of transcendental deduction,which leads to a seemingly circular argument.In the latter book,its argument falls into the shackles of what critics call “dogmatism”.But Allison thinks that the deductive way of “Practical rational criticism” based on the “rational fact” is a key to unfold the circular argument and the proper way to deduce the moral law.Allison discusses Kant＇s deduction of the moral law in the third part of his monograph Kant’ s Theory of Freedom and according to the distinction between rational actor and rational existence,he gives his own reconstruction of deduction.