汉语日语名词语法化研究

A Review of the Grammaticalization of Chinese and Japanese Nouns

本文以词性变化为切入点,考察汉语日语名词语法化的相关研究。两者在名词演变为词缀或词内成分、名词语法化为后置词乃至连词(接续助词及接续词)、名词语法化为副词或充当状语成分、名词语法化为时态助词等方面具有共性。但是在语法化为后置词以及时态助词、助动词或终助词这两条路径上,两者的显赫度有明显的差异。由于日语的后置词在句法位置上契合了连词的位置,因此日语名词语法化为后置词具有显赫的类型学特点。此外,日语名词语法化为时态助词、助动词或终助词的例子远多于汉语,这与日语的主题突出型语言特性及动转名的标记性特点有紧密的关联。

This paper mainly studies the grammaticalization of Chinese and Japanese nouns. They share commonalities in the evolution of nouns into affixes, nouns into postposition words and even conjunctions, and nouns into adverbs or an adverbial components, and tense auxiliary words. However, there is a significant difference in the degree of prominence between the two in terms of grammaticalizing into postpositions, auxiliary verbs or final auxiliary words. As the Japanese postposition in the syntactic position fits the position of the conjunction, so the Japanese term syntax for the postposition has prominent typologi- cal characteristics. In addition, there are far more examples of noun grammaticalization as temporal auxiliaries, auxiliary verbs or terminology in Japanese than in Chinese, which is closely related to the prominent characteristics of Japanese language and the marked features of moving names.