心态秩序:从“社会”到“人”——费孝通晚年学术思想的升华

Mentality Order: From “Society” to “Man”——Distillation of Fei Xiaotong's Academic Ideas in His Later Life

从20世纪30年代开始,费孝通的学术研究围绕着"志在富民"主题而展开,着力解决中国人民极为紧迫的"饥饿问题"和"贫困问题"。20世纪90年代以后,费孝通在学术反思中意识到了这种"见社会不见人"的研究缺陷,认为社会学、民族学既要研究"社会"又要研究"人",既要关心人的物质生存状态,又要关心其精神生存状态。从此,费孝通的研究视野从"共生"问题进入了"共识"问题,从生态层次提升到了心态层次,从而实现了学术思想新的升华。

Since 1930s, Fei Xiaotong had focused his academic research on the theme of ＂striving for the people＇s prosperity＂, and was determined to help Chinese people solve the imminent problems of starvation and poverty. Since 1990s, in his academic reflection, Fei Xiaotong realized the defection of ＂focusing the society while neglecting man＂, and held that the research of sociology and ethnology should be both on ＂society＂ and ＂man＇,and should pay attention to both material living conditions of men and their mental living conditions. Since then, his research field transformed from ＂co-existence＂ problems to ＂consensus＇problems, promoted from ecological level to mentality level, and thus the new distillation of his academic ideas had been realized.