基于燥胜则干和燥性伤阴理论的苍术燥性效应研究

Study on dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma based on theory of dry-dry and dryness-induced Yin deficiency

为了建立更加完善的苍术燥性效应评价体系,确证苍术的主要燥性部位,进一步明确苍术麸炒减燥机制。以健康大鼠为对象,分别给予不同剂量的生苍术、麸苍术水浸膏和挥发油21 d,基于燥胜则干和燥性伤阴的理论,选择大鼠饮水量、颌下腺组织形态、尿量及肾脏中水通道蛋白2（AQP2）的表达、血液流变学以及血清中c AMP/c GMP的比值、Na＋-K＋-ATP酶含量为指标。分析结果显示：生苍术挥发油高剂量组大鼠与大豆油组相比,饮水量显著增加（P〈0.05）,颌下腺腺泡萎缩,尿量显著增加（P〈0.05）,水通道蛋白2的表达显著降低,血液黏度显著增加（P〈0.05）,血清中c AMP/c GMP的比值显著升高（P〈0.05）,Na＋-K＋-ATP酶含量显著升高（P〈0.05）。麸苍术挥发油高低剂量组与生苍术挥发油高剂量组相比,差异显著（P〈0.05）。而生苍术、麸苍术水浸膏组与生理盐水组比较,无显著差异。初步建立了比较全面的苍术燥性效应评价体系,确证了苍术的主要燥性部位是挥发油部位,揭示了苍术麸炒减燥的机制不仅仅与挥发油的总含量下降有关,还可能与挥发油中的燥性成分转化有关。为苍术的燥性物质基础的研究提供了参考,为苍术的临床合理用药提供了科学依据,进一步明确了苍术麸炒减燥机制,同时为其他燥性中药的评价提供参考。

In order to establish a more perfect evaluation system for dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma,determine the main dry parts of Atractylodis Rhizoma,and further define the mechanism of stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma in reducing the dryness. The healthy rats were given with different doses of water extract and volatile oil of raw Atractylodis Rhizoma and stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma for 21 days. Based on the theory of the dry-dry and dryness-induced Yin deficiency,the amount of drinking water,tissue morphology of submandibular glands,urine volume and the expression of aquaporin 2（AQP2） in the kidneys,as well as blood rheology,ratio of c AMP/c GMP in serum and the content of Na＋-K＋-ATP enzyme were selected as the evaluation indexes. The results indicated that the rats with high dose volatile oil from raw Atractylodis Rhizoma had a significant increase in the amount of drinking water,urine volume,blood viscosity,ratio of c AMP/c GMP and content of Na＋-K＋-ATP enzyme in the serum（P 0. 05） as compared with the soybean oil group; meanwhile,atrophy of submandibular acinar gland was obvious,and the expression of aquaporin 2 was reduced significantly（P 0. 05）. There were significant differences between volatile oil high dose group of raw Atractylodis Rhizoma and volatile oil high dose group of stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma. There was no significant difference between the water extract groups of raw and stirbaked Atractylodis Rhizoma and the saline group. A comprehensive evaluation system for the dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma was established. It was confirmed that the volatile oil part was the main dry part of Atractylodis Rhizoma. It revealed that the mechanism of dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma was not only related to the decrease of the total content of the volatile oil,but also may be related to the transformation of dryness components in the volatile oil. It provides references for the study of material basis of Atractylodis Rhizoma dryness,provides an experimental basis for the clinical application of Atractylodis Rhizoma,further clarifies the mechanism of stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma in reducing the dryness,and provides thoughts for the evaluation of other dry traditional Chinese medicines.