环境水样中全氟磺酸类和全氟羧酸类化合物分析方法研究进展

Analytical methods of perfluorosulfonic acids( PFSAs)and perfluorocarboxylic acids( PFCAs) in environmental water samples

全氟化合物(PFCs)作为一类难降解的持久性污染物,由于其可能导致肝毒性、致癌性、免疫毒性、生殖毒性以及干扰内分泌等特性,近年来成为研究的热点.通常环境水样中PFCs含量较低,其中全氟磺酸类化合物(PFSAs)和全氟羧酸类化合物(PFCAs)为痕量水平,因此环境水样中PFSAs和PFCAs的分析需要建立灵敏可靠的分析方法.国内外已针对环境水样中PFSAs和PFCAs的分析开展了大量研究,但全面系统的评述其分析方法近年来的新进展鲜见报道.本文全面总结了近5年来环境水样中PFSAs和PFCAs前处理方法及检测技术的新进展,主要包含基于色谱质谱的分析方法、基于光谱的分析方法、基于酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)的分析方法等三类;重点对样品前处理方法和检测技术的新进展进行综述;并对各种方法的优缺点进行了比较和评述.在此基础上对其发展趋势进行展望,以期为相关研究提供参考.

A group of hardly degradable persistent pollutants,perfluorinated compounds（ PFCs）may cause hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and endocrine disruption,so the research on PFCs is a hot topic in recent years. Since perfluorosulfonic acids（ PFSAs） and perfluorocarboxylic acids（ PFCAs） can be detected only at trace levels in the environment,sensitive and reliable analytical methods for the determination of PFSAs and PFCAs are needed. A large number of studies on the trace analysis of PFSAs and PFCAs have been conducted for environmental water samples throughout the world. However,comprehensive and systematic reviews of new progress on analytical method developments are still rare. Therefore,this report reviews the progress about pretreatment and detection methods of PFSAs and PFCAs in environmental water samples in the past 5 years,which can be classified into three categories including chromatography-mass spectrometry method,spectroscopy-based method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA）-based analysis method. Especially,the recent advances in samplepretreatment and detection techniques are reviewed,while the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are compared. Finally,the development tendency is proposed to provide reference for the related research.