基于PSCAD的高速动车组升弓浪涌过电压仿真分析

Simulation Analysis of Surge Voltage of Rising Pantograph for High-speed Electric Multiple Unit Based on PSCAD

高速动车组（EMU）升弓瞬间产生的车体浪涌过电压,会严重影响车载电气设备的安全运行,干扰列车控制设备的数据采集与传输。为了掌握现有连接方式下升弓浪涌过电压的特点,以某型车为例,利用PSCAD/EMTDC软件建立包括接触网电源、高压电缆、车体及接地系统的等效模型。仿真研究了升弓瞬间受电弓弓头过电压和车体过电压的传播特点,探究了电缆长度、接触网电源等值参数及其电压相位对过电压的影响。结果表明：升弓时受电弓弓头过电压幅值可达60～70 kV,振荡衰减时间在25μs左右,振荡频率一般在0.86～1.74 MHz之间;车体过电压幅值在不同车体之间向前传播过程中逐渐减小,其中最大幅值为3号车车顶与车底之间,可达到7.02 kV。研究结果表明,升弓浪涌过电压受电缆长度、接触网电源等值参数及其电压相位的影响较大。

The surge voltage of car body seriously affects the safe operation of vehicle electrical equipment, and disturbs the data acquisition and transmission of train control equipment in the process of rising pantograph of the high speed electric multiple unit（EMU）. Taking a car as an example, we established an equivalent model, including the overhead contact power supply, the high voltage cable, the carriages and the grounding system based on the PSCAD/EMTDC software, to analyze the characteristics of the surge voltage when rising pantograph with the existing connection mode. Moreover, we simulated the propagation characteristics of overvoltage on pantograph and car body at the moment of the pantograph rising, and analyzed the influences of the high voltage cable length, the equivalent parameters of the overhead contact power supply and its voltage phase on the induced voltage. The results show that the transient voltage amplitude of the pantograph head is 60～70 kV, the oscillation decay time is about 25 μs, and the oscillation frequency is often between 0.86～1.74 MHz. The surge voltage amplitude of car body decreases gradually along the direction of its propagation between different carriages. The maximum voltage amplitude of car body is up to 7.02 kV which is the voltage difference between the roof and bottom of car number 3. The research results show that the surge voltage is mainly affected by the length of high voltage cable, the equivalent parameters of the power supply, and voltage phase of the contact line at pantograph lifting moment.