土的现代本构理论的发展回顾与展望

Review of progress and prospect of modern constitutive theories for soils

土的本构模型是现代土力学的核心和关键。自从剑桥弹塑性模型创立以来,土的本构模型历经了50多年的研究,建立的模型数以百计,但真正能为工程所应用的则很少,如何更好地发展岩土本构模型？为此,回顾和分析了各种建立岩土本构模型的理论,认为要较好解决岩土本构模型的问题,首先要有适合岩土材料的本构理论,传统应用的一些理论用于岩土材料是有其局限性的。广义位势理论是一种普遍和方便的建模理论。本构模型的验证除在主空间上进行试验验证外,更合理的应该是进行边值问题的验证。同时,要使模型能用于工程设计,则应发展参数易于确定的模型,还需要解决模型参数的合理确定问题,对于天然岩土材料,由于取样扰动等的影响,室内参数与原位土差异较大,发展基于原位试验的模型参数确定方法,可能是解决的途径。

The constitutive model for soils is the core and key of modern soil mechanics. Since the creation of Cambridge elasto-plastic model, the constitutive model for soils has been studied for more than 50 years, and hundreds of models have been established, but few of them can be used for engineering. How to develop the constitutive model for rocks and soils better？ In this paper, the theories of various constitutive models are reviewed and analyzed. In order to solve the problem, Firstly, there must be some theories of constitutive model suitable for geotechnical materials, in which the traditional theories have their limitations. The generalized potential theory is a modeling theory which is general and convenient. For the verification of the constitutive model, it is more reasonable to verify the problem of boundary values in addition to the experimental verification in the main space. At the same time, a model easy to determine the parameters should be developed to be used in engineering design. In addition, the problem of reasonable determination of model parameters also needs to be solved. For natural geotechnical materials, due to the impact of sampling disturbances, the difference is large, and the method for determining the model parameters based on the in-situ tests should be developed, which may be the solution.