断裂黏滑错动下隧道减错措施作用效果模型试验研究

Model tests on effect of dislocation reducing measures of stick-slip fault of tunnels

以某隧道工程为依托,开展断裂黏滑错动下隧道减错措施大型模型试验。通过分析纵向应变、接触压力和衬砌安全系数,对无减错措施、仅设置减错层、仅二衬设置减错缝、二衬设置减错缝与影响区段二衬增厚、初支与二衬交错设置减错缝以及组合措施6种工况进行对比研究。结果表明：断裂黏滑错动对上盘的影响范围和剧烈程度均大于下盘;不同工况减错措施对纵向变形、接触压力以及结构受力控制水平分别为A〈〈C≈D≈B〈E〈F，A〈〈B〈D〈C≈E≈F，A〈〈D〈C≈E〈B〈F；刚柔并济设计理念下“减错缝＋增加影响区段二衬厚度”方案不宜采用，铰接设计理念下“减错层＋交错设缝”组合措施可有效保障依托隧道黏滑错动后衬砌结构的安全。研究结论对高烈度区交通隧道穿越断裂黏滑段减错技术具有重要的意义。

Based on a tunnel project, large-scale model tests are carried out on anti-seismic and damping measures for dislocation of stick-slip fault. By analyzing longitudinal strain, contact pressure and safety factor of linings, the anti-seismic and damping effects are comparatively studied under six kinds of working conditions of A（no dislocation reducing measures）, B（dislocation reducing layer）, C（dislocation reducing joint for secondary lining）, D（dislocation reducing joint and increasing thickness for secondary lining）, E（interleaving setting of dislocation reducing joint） and F（combined dislocation reducing measures）. The results show that the scope of the impact and intensity of stick-slip dislocation on hanging wall is greater than that on footwall. The control effect of the longitudinal deformation from low to high is A C≈D≈ B E F, that of the contact pressure is A B D C ≈ E ≈ F, and that of the structural stress is A D C ≈ E B F. The scheme of condition D under the design concept of being rigid and flexible should not be adopted, and the safety of linings of tunnel after stick-slip can be effectively guaranteed by the combined measures of ＂dislocation reducing layer and staggered dislocation reducing joint＂. The research results may be of important singnificance for the anti-seismic technology in rail communication of lifeline engineering in high intensity earthquake areas.