块菌发育过程中伴生微生物多样性及其生态功能

Diversity and ecological functions of Tuber-associated microbial communities during Tuber ascocarp development

块菌属Tuber是子囊菌门中一类珍贵的地下生外生菌根真菌,能与松科、壳斗科等多种树木形成菌根共生关系,在森林生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。同时,该属的一些种类因其独特的香味而备受国际食用菌市场推崇,具有极高的经济价值。在块菌属漫长的生活史中,菌丝的生长、菌根的形成、子囊果的产生和发育、特殊芳香化合物及活性物质的产生和积累均与其伴生微生物有着密切的关系。近年来,分子生物学技术的发展尤其是高通量测序技术的应用推动了对块菌属子囊果形成和发育机制的研究,为块菌生态学研究提供了有力的工具,使块菌伴生微生物相关研究取得重要突破。本文综述了近5年来国内外对块菌属生长发育过程中伴生细菌、真菌多样性及其生态功能的相关研究,并探讨了其中尚未清楚的问题及今后可能的研究方向,为块菌属生物学的研究及人工栽培奠定基础。

Truffles（Tuber spp.） are precious ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with trees such as Pinaceae and Fagaceae and play an important role in forest ecosystem. Some species of Tuber are praised in international edible mushroom market due to the unique flavors of fruiting bodies. Tuber-associated microorganisms are closely related to the development of mycelium, ectomycorrhizae, ascocarps and also affect the accumulation of special flavors and active substances of truffles. With the development of molecular biology technology, especially the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in recent years, the research on the mechanism of the formation and development of Tuber ascocarps and microbiological ecology has made a great progress. This review summarizes the achievements in research on the composition, diversity and ecological functions of Tuber-associated microbes and predicts the orientation in development and prospects of future research in these fields.