海南省少数民族地区旅游扶贫效率测度与时空演化分析

Research on the Measurement of Tourism Poverty Alleviation Efficiency and Its Spatial-Temporal Evolution in Hainan's Ethnic Minority Areas

旅游扶贫是我国对少数民族地区采取的一项重要的反贫困对策。海南省是一个少数民族集聚的地区,旅游业为其发展的主导产业,且发展旅游业已使部分少数民族地区成功脱贫。本文运用三阶段DEA模型,以海南省少数民族地区为例,对其2010-2016年旅游扶贫效率进行测度,并运用Arc GIS10.0对其时空演化特征进行分析。研究表明:(1)剔除干扰因素前后,各市县旅游扶贫综合效率及其分解效率差异显著,说明干扰因素对旅游扶贫效率测度影响显著。(2)整体而言,2010-2016年调整后的海南省少数民族地区旅游扶贫综合效率呈波动上升态势,但仍未达到最佳前沿面,主要受规模效率较低影响所致。(3)分市县而言,各市县旅游扶贫效率差异显著,处于"高-高"型的市县主要是儋州市、万宁市、东方市和昌江县,这些市县旅游扶贫效率较高,发展较为成熟;而处于"低-低"型的市县为保亭县、白沙县和五指山市,其旅游扶贫项目处于建设期,成效甚微。(4)2010-2016年海南省少数民族地区旅游扶贫综合效率与规模效率空间分布较为相似,空间格局由"南北高中间低"的格局演变为"北高南低"的格局,而纯技术效率格局与前两者差距较大。

Tourism poverty alleviation is an important countermeasure against poverty in China＇s minority areas. Hainan is a province where many ethnic minorities are numerous and rely on the development of tourism to promote economic growth. And poverty alleviation by tourism has gradually become the main way to lift poverty and become rich in minority areas of Hainan. Therefore,it is necessary to understand the effect of tourism poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas in Hainan Province. This paper uses the three-phase DEA（ Data Envelopment Analysis） model to take Hainan Province as an example to measure its tourism poverty alleviation efficiency from 2010 to 2016,and uses Arc GIS 10. 0 to analyze its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics. At last,put forward suggestions for improvement. The results show that： before and after removing the interference factors,the comprehensive efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in cities and counties and their decomposition efficiency are significantly different,which shows that the disturbance factors have a significant impact on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency,and scale efficiency is a key factor in determining comprehensive efficiency. The overall efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in minority areas in Hainan Province adjusted from 2010 to 2016 has been continuously improved,but it has still not reached the frontier of efficiency. In its decomposition efficiency,pure technical efficiency is high,but it shows a downward trend,followed by scale efficiency.The volatility is on the rise,and most of the city-county scale returns are increasing after adjustment. The increase in factor input can increase the overall efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation. Based on the analysis of spatio-temporal evolution of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency after eliminating interference factors,it can be seen that the spatial distribution of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency and scale efficiency in ethnic minority areas of Hainan Province is similar,and the spatial pattern changes from a north-south high-medium low to a north-south-low pattern. The purely technical efficiency pattern is quite different from the former two. For the average processing of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency,the poverty alleviation status of cities and counties is divided into four types. The cities and counties that are in the ＂high-high＂type are mainly the cities of Danzhou,Wanning,Dongfang and Changjiang. The tourism and poverty alleviation efficiency of cities and counties is relatively high and development is relatively mature;and the cities and counties that are ＂low-low＂type are Baoting County,Baisha County and Wuzhishan City,and their tourism Poverty alleviation projects are in the construction phase with little success.