国内外隧道火灾临界风速研究综述

Domestic and International Research on the Critical Velocity of Fires in Tunnels

为了促进隧道防火救灾研究的发展,文章系统地梳理了火灾临界风速的研究现状,简述了火灾临界风速的定义和研究方法,介绍了国内外对火灾临界风速的研究进展情况。文章重点叙述了关于火源热释放率、燃料类型、火源尺寸、火源位置、纵向风温度、隧道阻塞比、隧道纵向坡度、隧道断面形状、隧道线形曲率、有无喷淋系统、高海拔、临界风速的判别条件、排烟模式等诸多因素对火灾临界风速影响的研究成果,并探讨了今后研究火灾临界风速需要注意的问题,以期为隧道防火救灾研究提供帮助。

In order to promote the development of highway tunnel fire disaster prevention and rescue, research of the critical velocity of fire is analyzed systematically. A definition of fire critical velocity is established, research methods are described and the domestic and international research progress is reviewed. The research results are introduced concerning the effects of influential factors such as fire source heat release rate, fuel type, fire source dimensions, fire source position, and temperature of the longitudinal wind, cases with and without sprinkler systems, high altitude, identification conditions for critical wind speed and smoke extraction modes, as well as characteristics of the tunnel such as blockage ratio, longitudinal gradient, section form, and linear curvature. The issues concerning the critical velocity of fire in further research are discussed, providing a reference for academic research on tunnel fire disaster prevention and rescue.