以工业化理念发展生态农业的策略研究

Strategic Research on Developing Ecological Agriculture Based on Industrialization Concept

目前,我国发展生态农业采取的农户自发模式、纯粹市场激励模式和政府支持与干预的诱导模式很难在中长期成为主导模式。降低生态农业供给成本是实现生态农业普遍、持久发展的关键,而以工业化理念发展生态农业是降低成本的最佳途径,具备成为未来生态农业发展主导模式的条件。以工业化理念发展生态农业需要采取企业化和市场化的运营机制,如果以政府和农户为主导,采用项目制的生态农业技术推广方式,则很难激励技术供给方在一定区域内形成能实现规模效应的长期、持久提供生态技术服务与产品的产能。因此,应采取政府引导、企业主导的市场化机制,激励企业在能实现集聚效应和规模效应的县域城镇,建立可提供长期生态农业技术服务和产品的固定工厂和机构,以此推动生态农业的工业化发展。

At present,the spontaneous model of farmers,the pure market incentive model and the guidance mode of government support and intervention adopted in China＇s development of ecological agriculture are difficult to become the dominant model in the middle and long term. Reducing the cost of ecological agriculture supply is the key to realize the universal and sustainable development of ecological agriculture. Developing ecological agriculture with industrialization is the best way to reduce costs and has the conditions to become the dominant model for eco-agriculture development in the future. To develop ecological agriculture with the idea of industrialization,it is necessary to adopt the enterprise and market operation mechanism,especially the project system of ecological agricultural technology extension. If the government and the farmers are the dominant,it is difficult to encourage the technology supplier to form the long-term and durable supply of ecological technology services and products capacity in a certain area. Therefore,we should take the market-oriented mechanism guided by government and led by enterprise to encourage the enterprises in the county towns which can realize the agglomeration effect and scale effect,and establish the fixed factories and institutions which can provide long-term ecological agricultural technology services and products,so as to promote the industrialization of ecological agriculture.