刑事错案产生的原因与对策研究

Study on the Causes and Countermeasures of Wrongful Criminal Cases

针对"河南赵作海案""浙江张氏叔侄案""念斌案"等严重刑事错案发生的原因,无论是专业研究还是社会舆论,均将问题根源指向公安机关侦查阶段证据的收集、审查及判断。公安机关在侦查阶段导致错案发生的主要因素有:在现场勘查、询问及证据搜集、研判等方面,存在重实体、轻程序的理念;勘查过程粗糙、缺乏严谨;证据固定不全面、不到位等。应对措施包括:严禁非法取得犯罪嫌疑人口供、及时落实现场勘查工作、规范证据搜查行为与保全方法、科学对待鉴定意见的措施。

Aiming at the reasons of the serious wrongful criminal cases such as＂Henan Zhao Zuohai case＂,＂Zhejiang an uncle and nephew of Zhang Shi case＂and＂Nianbin case＂,etc.,all of the sources pointed at the evidence collection,examination and judgment in the investigation stage of public security organs,whether the professional research or the social public opinions.The main factors that lead to wrongful cases in the investigation stage of public security organs include：there is the concept of emphasizing entity rather than procedure in the on-site investigation,inquiry,evidence collection and research and judgment,etc.;the investigation process is rough and is short of preciseness;and the evidence is immobilized and incomplete.The countermeasures are as follows：strictly prohibit illegal access to confessions of criminal suspects,timely implement the on-site investigation in detail,strictly standardize the behavior of evidence search and the method of preservation,and scientifically treat the appraisal opinions.