我国旧城改造研究综述

Review on the Old City Construction in China

旧城改造是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及环境、民生、社会经济等多个领域,利益关系错综复杂。本文从旧城改造的研究历程、内涵、功能、改造模式、融资模式、利益相关者等方面对已有文献进行系统的梳理和分析。研究结果表明:(1)旧城改造的研究区域逐渐从东部沿海发达地区向中西部欠发达地区扩散,所研究的城市的规模、性质逐渐由一线城市、文化历史名城向二三线城市、新兴城市等倾斜,具备由点及面、由特殊到普遍的演进路径特征;(2)旧城改造的内涵不断深化,学术界对旧城改造的认知已从单纯的物质空间改造向包括物质、经济、文化、社会等在内的旧城全面再生转变;(3)在大量的探索和实践中,逐渐形成了微改造、局部改造和全面改造三种旧城改造模式,当前我国正在跨越"大规模拆除重建为主"的全面改造阶段,转向小规模更新修复的微改造和局部拆除插建的局部改造;(4)目前我国旧城改造的融资模式以财政支持和银行贷款为主,但PPP模式、产业基金模式等多方合作的融资模式正逐渐兴起;(5)政府、开发商、被拆迁户是旧城改造的主要利益相关者和博弈者,三者博弈能力存在较大差异,但价值取向存在一定的一致性,可通过引入公众参与机制协调三者间的利益冲突;(6)当前研究存在着定量研究不足、缺乏对旧城改造的适宜性评价、实施效果评价、实施意愿调查分析等缺陷。

Old city construction is a complicated system project, involving environment, people＇s livelihood, social economy and many fields, with intricate and complex interest relationships. Starting from the study progress, connotation, function, reconstruction mode, financing mode, stakeholders and other aspects, this paper makes a systematic summary and analysis on existing literature. Study results shows： （1）. The study area of old city reconstruction expands from developed eastern coastal regions to underdeveloped central and western regions, the size and nature of the cities that are studied lean to second- and third-tier cities and emerging dries from first-rier and famous cultural and historical dries, with the evolving path characteristic of from one point to face and from special to universal; （2）.The connotation of old city reconstruction is continuously deepening, and academic circles has changed its cognition from simple material space reconstruction to the comprehensive regeneration of old cities including material, economy, culture, society, etc.;（3）.In numerous exploration and practices, three old city reconstruction patterns, micro-reconstruction, partial reconstruction and integrated reconstruction have been formed, at present, our country is spanning the integrated reconstruction stage of ＂large-scale dismantlement and reconstruction＂, and turns to the partial reconstruction of small-scale renewal and renovation of micro-reconstruction and partial dismantlement and inserting construction;（4）. Currently, the financing modes of our country＇s old city reconstruction is mainly the financial support and bank load, but the multicooperation financing modes such as PPP mode and industrial funds mode are gradually emerging;（5）.Governments, developers and the households of being pulled down and moving to another are the major stakeholders and garners, there is a great gap among the three parties＇ game power, but their value orientations are largely consistent with each other, and their conflicts of interest can be mediated by introducing the public participation mechanism; （6）.There are several drawbacks in current study, such as the lack of quantitative study, suitability evaluation of the old city reconstruction, implementation effect evaluation, implementation desire investigation and analysis and so on.