海南省琼中县林业有害生物种类、分布及危害情况调查

Survey of the Species, Distribution and Damage Situation of Forest Pests in the Qiongzhong County of Hainan

琼中县地处海南省生态保护核心区,也是重要水源涵养区,对海南生态建设有着举足轻重的作用。对琼中县林业有害生物危害种类及危害程度等展开全面调查,共发现林业有害生物27种,其中虫害4目13科15种、病害9种、草害3种。分析认为:(1)林业检疫性有害生物双钩异翅长蠹发生面积仅有0.67 hm2,危害较轻;红火蚁和薇甘菊的发生面积虽然不大,分别仅为2.07和19.13 hm2,但危害逐渐加重;(2)林业危险性有害生物椰心叶甲发生面积223.93 hm2,为害仍然较重,刺桐姬小蜂危害偶有发生,危害减弱,槟榔黄化病、槟榔炭疽病发生面积扩大(分别为688.4和3 746.87 hm2),危害也较之前加重;金钟藤危害情况不容乐观,其分布范围(587.93 hm2)和危害程度已超过薇甘菊,由次生危害上升为主要草害;(3)其他有害生物,如红脉穗螟(发生面积51.13 hm2)从之前轻度危害逐渐加重为中度危害,而油茶炭疽病危害情况也开始加重。

Qiongzhong county is an important area of biodiversity and important water conservation in Hainan province, and plays an important role in the ecological construction of Hainan. A full survey was made of the species, distribution and damages of forest pests in the Qiongzhong county of Hainan. A total of 27 pests were found, including 15 species of insect pests, 9 species of diseases and 3 species of weeds.Analysis showed that the quarantine pest Helerobostrychus aequalis occurred in an area of 0.67 ha, which was of a slight damage severity. Solenopsis invicta and Mikania mirantha occurred in an area of 2.07 ha and 19.13 ha, respectively, and their damages were higher than before. Brontispa longissima occurred in an area of 223.93 ha, which was more serious in damage. Quadrastichus erythrinae weakened in damage and occurred occasionally. Phytoplasma and Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes occurred in an area of 688.4 ha and3746.87 ha, and was more serious in damage. Merremia boisiana was distributed in an area of 587.93 ha,and its damage was higher than that of M. mirantha. This weed became the main pest from the minor pest.Tirathaba rufivena occurred in an area of 51.13 ha and its damage severity was moderate. Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes turned to be more serious in damage.