复合乳化剂对鲤鱼生长性能及代谢活性的影响

The effects of compound emulsifier on growth performance and physiological activities of Cyprinus carpio

试验研究复合乳化剂对鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)幼鱼生长性能、肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性、肠道脂肪酶活性和血液生化指标的影响,初步探讨复合乳化剂在鲤鱼养殖中的应用效果。选用560尾初始体重为(76.55±0.95)g的鲤鱼幼鱼,随机分配分为4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复35尾鱼。分别投喂基础饲料(对照组)和添加0.1%(T1组)、0.2%(T2组)、0.5%(T3组)复合乳化剂的饲料。结果表明:与对照组相比,T1、T2组鲤鱼的增重率显著提高(P<0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);T1组鲤鱼脏体比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各试验组鱼的特定生长率、肝体比和肥满度均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,T1组显著提高鲤鱼肝脏和肠道脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),T2组显著提高肝脏肝脂酶活性(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,T1、T2组和T3组鲤鱼血清TG含量无显著差异(P>0.05);T3组鲤鱼血清甘油三酯含量显著高于T1组和T2组(P<0.05)。T1组和T3组鲤鱼肝脏TG含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),T2组鲤鱼肝脏TG显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。T1、T2组和T3组鲤鱼血清低密度脂蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);T1组鲤鱼血清高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),T2组和T3组鲤鱼血清高密度脂蛋白含量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。各试验组鱼血清总胆固醇含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。饲料中添加复合乳化剂对鲤鱼幼鱼的生长性能有显著影响,适量的复合乳化剂能提高肝脏和肠道脂肪酶及肝脏总酯酶活性,在一定程度上起到调节肝脏和血清脂质代谢的作用。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound emulsifier on growth performance, enzyme activity of fat metabolism in liver and intestinal lipase activity, and plasma biochemical indices of carp （Cyprinus carpio）. 560 carps weighing （76.55±0.95） g were randomly allocated to 4 groups of which were four repetition and 35 fish per repetition, respectively, the fish were fed diets without emulsifier as control group, and with 0.1%（T1）, 0.2%（T2）, 0.5% （T3） compound emulsifier as treatment group. The results showed that the fish in 0.1% and 0.2% compound emulsifier group had higher weight gain ratio and lower feed coefficient （P〈0.05）. The ratio of viscera and body weight of carps in 0.1% compound emulsifier group was significantly reduced compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the specific growth rate, hepatosmatic index and condition factor of carps showed no significant difference （P〉0.05） among all the groups. Compared to the control group, 0.1% compound emulsifier addition in carp diet improved the liver and intestinal lipase activities significantly （P〈0.05）, while 0.2% addition of compound emulsifier showed significant promotion on the activities of hepatic lipase of carps. The contents of plasma triglyceride of carps in T1, T2 and T3 group showed no significant difference compared with the control group （P〉0.05）, but the content of plasma triglyceride of T3 group was significantly higher than T1 and T2 group （P〈0.05）. The contents of hepatic triglyceride of carps in group T1 and T3 were lower significantly than the carps in control group（P〈0.05）. In contrast, the contents of hepatic triglyceride of carps in group T2 was higher significantly than the carps in control group （P〈0.05）. The carps of Tl, T2 and T3 groups showed significant promotion on the content of plasma low density lipoprotein compared with control group（P〈0.05）. The content of plasma high density lipoprotein of carps in group T2 and T3 showed no significant difference when compared to control group （P〉0.05）. However, carps in group T1 had a higher content of plasma high density lipoprotein than the carps in control group.The content of plasma total cholesterol showed no significant difference among all the groups （P〉 0.05）. The data implied that the compound emulsifier plays active role on carp growth performance, and moderate compound emulsifier can improve the activities of hepatic and intestinal fat metabolism enzymes and hepatic general esterase and regulate the liver and plasma lipid metabolism to some degree.