极限工况下汽车正面碰撞事故损伤度预测

Prediction of accident injury severity of vehicle frontal crash under extreme conditions

为最大程度降低事故损伤度,以碰撞无法避免时的极限工况下车车正碰为研究对象,分析预测车辆碰撞事故损伤度的评价指标,采用正向推理方法建立车车全重叠及斜向碰撞前后速度变化ΔV预测模型,分析不同因素对碰撞前后速度变化ΔV的影响,将其影响关系与事故损伤度标准值关联,进而预测事故损伤度,并以实例验证事故损伤度预测方法。结果表明：当2车碰前相对速度与碰前夹角一定时,事故损伤度与2车质量比成反比关系;当2车质量比与碰前夹角一定时,事故损伤度与碰前相对速度成正比关系;在2车间碰撞无法避免的极限工况下,全重叠碰撞事故损伤度大于斜碰;司机应通过控制本车以较低车速、较小碰前夹角与对方车辆发生碰撞。

To reduce the crash injury severity of vehicle-vehicle crash to the maximum extent,the frontal crash under extreme conditions was taken as the research object. The extreme conditions mean there is no time for the drivers to avoid crashes. The evaluation indexes of predicting crash injury severity were analyzed. Then the forward reasoning method was used to build predictive models for velocity change ΔV before and after the full-overlapping and oblique crash. The model were used to analyze the influences of different factors on the velocity change ΔV. After that,the influence relationships were correlated with the standard value of crash injury severity to predict the injury severity. Finally,an example was used to verify the proposed prediction method of crash injury severity. The analysis results show that with a given pre-crash relative velocity and a given pre-crash angle between the two vehicles,the crash injury severity has a significant negative correlation with the mass ratio of two vehicles,with a given mass ratio and a given precrash angle,the crash injury severity has a significant positive correlation with the pre-crash relative velocity,that under the extreme conditions,the injury severity caused by a full-overlapping crash is greater than that by a oblique crash,and that before a crash the drivers can not avoid,they should control the vehicles＇ pre-crash velocities and pre-crash angle to the best of their abilities.