等速训练对前交叉韧带重建运动员膝关节肌力和位置觉的影响

Influence of isokinetic training on knee joint muscle strength and position sense in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

[目的]探讨定期的等速肌力训练对前交叉韧带(ACL)重建运动员膝关节绝对力、爆发力、肌耐力和位置觉的影响。[方法]募集四川省竞技体育训练基地ACL重建运动员,随机分成实验组(n=18)和对照组(n=17)。ACL重建后6周,在传统康复治疗前提下实验组增加8周等速肌力训练。测试膝关节的肌力和位置觉变化并进行组间和组内比较。[结果]实验组膝关节屈和伸的绝对力、爆发力、肌耐力自身比较增加了31.6%、37.9%、21.0%和37.6%、22.6%、21.9%(P<0.01),膝关节30°和60°位置觉角度减少了44.3%和23.9%(P<0.01)。对照组膝关节伸的绝对力和屈肌耐力增加18.1%和12.9%(P<0.05)。第8周时相比对照组,实验组的膝关节屈绝对力、爆发力和伸肌爆发力增加19.3%、19.7%和19.1%(P<0.01),伸肌绝对力和耐力增加17.7%和18.2%(P<0.05),膝关节30°位置觉角度减少41.4%(P<0.01),60°位置觉角度减少19.0%(P<0.05)。[结论]8周等速肌力训练有效改善了ACL重建运动员膝关节肌力和位置觉,除对屈肌耐力提升不明显。

[Objective] To evaluate the effects of regular isokinetic muscle strength training on knee joint absolute force,explosive force,muscle endurance,and position sense in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament（ACL） reconstruction.[Methods] Athletes having ACL reconstruction were recruited from Sichuan Competitive Sports Training Base and randomly divided into experimental group（EG,n=18） and control group（CG,n=17） matched for age,height,and weight.EG received eight weeks of isokinetic muscle strength training in addition to traditional rehabilitation treatment after six weeks of ACL reconstruction.The participants were tested for muscle strength and position sense of knee joint to compare within groups and between groups.[Results] After the assigned treatment,the absolute force,explosive force,and muscle endurance in the EG increased by 31.6%,37.9%,and 21.0% for knee flexion,and 37.6%,22.6%,and 21.9% for knee extension,respectively（P0.01）,and the knee 30°and 60° position sense reduced by 44.3% and 23.9%,respectively（P0.01）.After the assigned treatment,the absolute force of knee extension and muscle endurance of knee flexion in the CG increased by 18.1% and 12.9%,respectively（P0.05）.After eight weeks,compared with the CG,the EG＇s knee flexion absolute force and explosive force,as well as extension explosive force,absolute force,and muscle endurance increased by 19.3%,19.7%,19.1%,17.7%,and 18.2%,respectively（P0.01 or P0.05）,and the knee 30° and 60° position sense reduced 41.4% and 19.0%,respectively（P0.01 or P0.05）.[Conclusion] The eight-week isokinetic muscle strength training can effectively improve the knee joint muscle strength and position sense of athletes having ACL reconstruction,except flexion endurance.