基于社区调查的北京市公平与包容现状及规划对策分析

Challenges and Strategies Towards an Equitable and Inclusive City:A Case Study in Beijing

促进社会的公平与包容性发展,已经成为国内外城市发展的核心理念之一。但是如何对公平与包容进行定量的评价,如何从城市规划的角度将这一理念落实,还缺乏系统性的研究。本文从分析公平、包容与公正的内涵入手,以北京市8个典型社区2017年调查结果为基础,对北京市贫困和弱势群体进行了识别,并对其在个人发展条件、公共服务设施水平、公共事务的参与方面存在的问题进行了分析,从法律保障城市权、推进社会-空间综合干预规划策略、完善设计标准3个方面提出了促进社会公平与包容的策略建议。

Promotion of equitable and inclusive development has become one of the core concepts of urban development over the world.However,the issues of how to quantitatively evaluate equity and inclusiveness and how to implement this concept from the perspective of urban planning are lacking systematic research.Starting with a discussion of the connotation of equity,inclusiveness,and justice,this paper identifies the poor and disadvantaged groups,analyzes their challenges facing inequity and exclusion,based on the survey results of eight typical communities in Beijing in 2017.The challenges mainly include poor living conditions,inaccessible or unaffordable public facilities,and barely public participation.Finally,this paper presents strategies towards a more equitable and inclusive development in Beijing,including legal protection for development right for every resident,a comprehensive social-spatial framework of urban planning,and improvement of planning and design standards.