紧急抢救输血患者出凝血与用血量关系分析

Analysis of Relationship between Coagulation Function and Blood Transfusion in Patients with Emergency Rescue

目的:通过研究按《特殊情况紧急抢救输血推荐方案》指导的ABO同型血液储备无法满足需求时发生紧急抢救输血患者术前凝血功能,探讨术中血液制剂用量与出凝血之间的关系。方法:收集本院2015年8月-2016年12月外科患者术中用血>1 600 ml的病例218例,分为凝血功能正常组(A组,106例)和凝血功能异常组(B组,紧急抢救输注O型红细胞患者31例)和未输注O型红细胞患者(C组,81例),比较各组患者基本信息,术中输注悬浮红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)、病毒灭活冰冻血浆(virus-inactivated frozen plasma,VIFP)、新鲜冰冻血浆(fresh frozen plasma,FFP)、冷沉淀血浆(cryoprecipitate plasma,CP)、血小板(platelets,Plt)(ml),术前凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、国际标准化比值(INR)的数据;分析用血量和凝血功能的相关性,对患者输血前及输血后24 h、3 d、7 d血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、未结合胆红素(indirect bilirubin,IBiL)、不规则抗体筛查、直接抗球蛋白试验(direct antiglobulin test,DAT)等指标进行对比分析,探讨患者输血前及输血后安全和疗效。结果:A组和B组患者年龄及血型分布无统计学意义(P>0.05),B1组患者A型和AB型比例、输注RBC、FFP、CP和Plt量最高(P<0.05);B组和C组的PT、APTT、INR、FIB明显异常(P<0.05),与RBC、FFP、C的输注量相关(P<0.05)。各组患者输血前DAT和不规则抗体阴性,输血后未检出新的不规则抗体,C组患者输血后Hb与输血前无统计学差异,且输血后IBiL无明显升高(P>0.05),提示紧急抢救输血安全有效。结论:术前凝血功能是术中血液制剂输注量的影响因素之一,是临床术前评估患者术中出血和用血的依据,而紧急抢救输注O型红细胞可以达到ABO同型输注的安全性和有效性。

Objective： Through researching preoperative coagulation function in the case of ABO-identical blood insufficient for emergency rescue transfusion according to recommended programs of special emergency rescue transfusion was carried out, the relationship between volume of blood products and coagulation function was analyzed.Methods： The surgical cases of blood transfusion more than 1 600 ml during operation were collected in our hospitals from Aug 2015 to Dec 2016（n=218）, these cases were divided into the normal coagulation group（Group A） and abnormal coagulation group（Group B）, and the patients of emergency rescue transfusion O type blood group（Group C）. The basic information of cases, the infused volume of red blood cell（RBC）, virus-inactivated frozen plasma（VIFP）, fresh frozen plasma（FFP）, cryoprecipitate（C）and platelets（P）, prothrombin time（PT）, activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）, fibrinogen（FIB）and international normalized ratio（INR）were analyzed,the relationship between volume of blood transfusion and coagulation function were also analysed. At the same time,the efficiency and safety index were compared before and after transfusion. These indexes, such as hemoglobin（Hb）,indirect bilirubin（IBiL）, direct antiglobulin test（DAT）and irregular antibody were determined at the time-paints of 24 h, 3 d and 7 d after blood transfusion. Results： The differences of age and blood type between group A and B was not statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Proportion of A and AB type,transfusion volume of RBC, FFP, C and Plt all were significantly higher in group C（P〈0.05）. PT, APTT, FIB and INR in group B and C were significantly different（P〈0.05）, which related with the transfusion volume of RBC, FFP and C（P〈0.05）. DAT and irregular antibody in every group was all negative before transfusion, No any new irregular antibodies had been detected after transfusion. Hb after blood transfusion was not statistically different before and after transfusion in group C, the IBiL level also was not significantly increased after blood transfusion（P〈0.05）. All those showed that emergency rescue transfusion was safe and effective. Conclusion： Preoperative coagulation function is one of factors inflnencing blood products transfusion volume during operation, which also is the basis for evaluating bleeding and blood transfusion.Emergency O type blood and ABO-matched blood transfusions show the same efficiency and safety.