城镇化进程中留守妇女心理健康服务需求与孤独感、焦虑抑郁关系

Relationship between mental health service demand, loneliness, anxiety and depression of rural left-behind women

目的 探讨农村留守妇女心理健康服务需求与孤独感、焦虑抑郁的相关性.方法 采用心理健康服务需求量表、UCLA孤独感量表、特质一焦虑量表和流调中心抑郁量表对河北省260名留守妇女进行问卷调查.结果 独生和非独生在心理健康服务需求[（131.72± 13.91）分,（122.94±14.76）分]、孤独感[（52.94±5.65）分,（49.86±5.90）分]和焦虑[（50.97±6.38）分,（47.16±4.80）分]上差异有统计学意义（t=3.313,2.899,4.151,P＜0.01）;留守妇女的心理健康服务需求、孤独感、焦虑抑郁水平在婚龄（F=6.196,9.441,5.257,4.221,均P＜0.01）、丈夫外出务工时间（F=2.761,27.020,4.550,2.83,均P＜0.05）、家中农活繁重程度（F=12.142,6.403,4.115,5.366,均P＜0.01）上差异有统计学意义;留守妇女的焦虑与服务内容、服务需求程度、抑郁呈正相关（r=0.138～0.221,P＜0.01）;抑郁与心理健康服务需求、服务队伍呈负相关（r=-0.352～-0.223,P＜0.01）;孤独感与服务内容、焦虑、抑郁呈正相关（r=0.177～ 0.262,P＜0.01）.多重线性回归显示,丈夫外出时间（β=0.326）、家中农活非常繁重（β=-0.376）和较为繁重（β=-0.281）、抑郁情绪（β=-0.194）对心理健康服务需求有预测作用.结论 留守妇女的心理健康服务需求受年龄、独生、婚龄、丈夫外出时间、家中农活繁重程度的影响.

Objective To explore the correlation between psychological health service demand and loneliness and anxiety depression in rural left-behind women.Methods 260 left-behind wo nen in Hebei province were surveyed by psychological health service demand scale,UCLA loneliness scale,trait anxiety scale and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale （CES-D）.Results There were statistically significant differences between the only child and non-only child left-behind women in mental health service demand （（131.72±13.91） vs （122.94±14.76））,loneliness （（52.94±5.65） vs （49.864±5.90）） and anxiety （（50.97±6.38） vs （47.16±4.80）） （t=3.313,2.899,4.151,P〈0.01）.The mental health service demand,loneliness,anxiety and depression of left-behind women were different in the age of marriage （F=6.196,9.441,5.257,4.221,all P〈0.01）,husband go out time （F=2.761,27.020,4.550,2.830,all P〈0.05） and degree of farm work （F=12.142,6.403,4.115,5.366,all P〈0.001）.The anxiety of left-behind women was positively correlated with service content,service demand and depression （r=0.138-0.221,P〈0.01）.Depression was negatively correlated with mental health service demand and service teams （r=-0.352--0.223,P〈 0.01）.Loneliness was positively correlated with service content,anxiety and depression （r=0.177-0.262,P〈 0.01）.Multiple linear regression showed that husbands go out time （β=0.326）,farm work in very heavy degree （β=-0.376） and relatively heavy degree （β=-0.281）,depression （β=-0.194） had a predictive effect on mental health services.Conclusion The mental health service demand of left-behind women are affected by their age,whether the only child,the age of marriage,their husbands＇ go out time and the degree of heavy farm work.