青少年生活事件和父母教养方式对高校大学生自伤行为的影响

The Influence of adolescent self-rating life events and parental rearing styles on self-injury behaviors among college students

目的探究父母教养方式和青少年生活事件对高校大学生自伤行为的影响。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法对芜湖市和淮南市四所高校的4 989名大学生进行问卷调查,分析青少年生活事件和父母教养方式对高校大学生自伤行为的影响。结果高校大学生1～2次自伤行为的检出率为30.58%,3次及以上自伤行为的检出率为10.78%。青少年生活事件上,自伤行为发生在适应,学习压力,人际压力,丧失和受惩罚五个方面存在差异(P<0.001)。父母教养方式上,父亲方面,大学生自伤行为发生在过度保护,过分干涉,情感温暖/理解,拒绝/否认,惩罚/严厉因素方面存在差异(P<0.001)。母亲方面,自伤行为发生在过分干涉/过分保护,情感温暖/理解,拒绝/否认,惩罚/严厉因素方面存在差异(P<0.001)。结论大学生自伤行为与青少年的生活事件和父母的养育方式有关联,受父母过分干涉和负性事件影响的学生容易产生不同程度的自我伤害。父母应该注意子女的情绪变化,多进行适当的情感交流。学校、家庭、社会应该积极对青少年进行心理疏导,减少大学生自伤行为发生。

Objective To investigate the influence of adolescent self-rating life events and parental rearing styles on college students ＇ self-injurious behaviors in college students. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to survey 4989 students in four colleges using questionnaire response. To analyze the influence of adolescent self-rating life events and parental rearing styles on college students ＇ self-injurious behaviors.Results For college students,attempt to self-injurious once or twice account for 30.58% and those attempt to self-injury over three times account for 1. 78%. In terms of adolescent self-rating life events,adaptive,lost,punished,learning stess and interpersonal stess were markedly affected the occurrence of self-injury behavior（ P 0. 001）. The factors from father（ overprotection,excessive interference,emotional warmth/understanding,refused/denied and punished severely） and those from mother（ excessive interference/overprotection,motional warmth/understanding,refused/denied,punished severely） were related to the occurrence of self-injurious behaviors among college students（ P 0. 001）. Conclusions Adolescent self-rating life events and parental rearing styles were related to the self-injurious behaviors of college students. Parents should pay attention to the emotional changes of their children and make appropriate emotional exchanges. Schools,families and society should be active in psychological counseling to reduce the occurrence of self-injurious behaviors in college students.