基于信息冗余度的多目标水文站网评价方法

Multi-objective Evaluation Method of Hydrological Network Based on Information Redundancy

水文站网的规划布设对研究水文过程、获取正确有效的水文信息、减少资源浪费具有重大意义。选取田纳西Hiwassee流域9个站点2014~2016年的日径流量数据,基于信息熵理论建立多目标组合优化站网评价模型,即先提出信息冗余度概念,以站点信息冗余度最小为原则对9个站点进行综合排序,得到站点组合;再建立以信息总量、信息冗余、信息推断能力为目标的多目标函数,并采用理想点法求解该模型得到最优站点组合;最终基于信息距离传输模型对最优组合站点进行空间控制范围评价。结果表明,该流域仅需保留3个站点(03571000、03566000、03550000)即可提供原始站点所提供信息总量的92.9%,信息冗余度降低89.3%,其总空间控制范围达到全流域面积的90.2%。说明优化后的3个站点仍可提供足量信息,对其余站点的信息推断能力较强,且站点分别位于流域的上、中、下游,能更好地实现对流域的监测和控制。

The layout of hydrological network is of great significance to study the hydrological process for getting the effective hydrological information and reducing the waste of resources.By choosing the daily runoff data of 9 stations from2014 to 2016 in Hiwassee watershed in Tennessee,a multi-objective combinatorial optimization model of hydrological network evaluation was established based on the theory of information entropy.The concept of information redundancy was proposed.Nine stations were comprehensively sorted based on the principle of minimizing the information redundancy of sites and then the site combinations were obtained.The total amount of information,information redundancy and information inference were considered as multi-objective function.TOPSIS method was used to solve the model to obtain the optimal site combination.Finally,based on the information-distance transmission model,the spatial control range of optimal combination was evaluated.The results show that it is needed only 3 sites（03571000,03566000 and 03550000）in this watershed to provide 92.9% of the total amount of information provided by the original network.The information redundancy is reduced by 89.3%,and the total spatial control range reaches 90.2% of the total drainage area.It is concluded the optimized three sites can still provide sufficient information and have a strong ability to infer information for the rest sites of the watershed.The three sites are located in the upstream,midstream and downstream of the watershed respectively,which can monitor and control the watershed better.