四川涪江射洪段小流域水环境污染现状及防治对策

Water Pollution Status and Control Measures in Small Watersheds of Fujiang River in Shehong Section,Sichuan Province

为分析小流域水环境污染状况,以涪江流域射洪段为例,利用源强系数法估算研究区COD、氨氮的污染负荷量,输出系数法估算研究区总氮、总磷的污染负荷量,并通过GIS技术对污染物进行空间分异分析。结果表明,研究区2016年主要污染源为居民生活污染,主要污染物为总氮,重点治理乡镇为大于镇、金华镇、洋溪镇、太乙镇;总氮入河负荷量为1 663.2t/a,等标污染负荷占比为47.6%,说明评估的污染现状与流域水质监测结果基本一致;针对污染现状,提出了修建集中式污水处理厂和农村分布式垃圾收集池的措施。研究结果为小流域水环境污染评价提供借鉴。

In order to analyze the water environmental pollution state of small watershed water,taking the Shehong section of Fujiang River Basin as an example,the source intensity coefficient method was used to estimate the pollution load of the chemical oxygen demand,the ammonia nitrogen.The output coefficient method was applied to estimate the pollution load of the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the study area.And then GIS technology was adopted to study the spatial differentiation of pollutant.The results show that the main pollution source of the research area in 2016 are the residents living pollution,the main pollutant is the total nitrogen,and the key governance towns are Dayu town,Jinhua town,Yangxi town and Taiyi town.The river pollution load of total nitrogen is 1 663.2 t/a,while the proportion of the equivalent pollution load is 47.6%,which indicates that the pollution status of the assessment is basically consistent with the water quality monitoring results of the river basin.For the current pollution situations,the proposed compliance measures mainly provide a basis for building centralized sewage treatment plants and a rural distributed garbage collection pools.The research results provide references for water environment pollution assessment in small watersheds.