超现实主义与威廉·S·默温的诗意世界

Surrealism and W.S.Merwin's poetic world

威廉·S·默温是美国当代诗坛上的重要诗人之一,其创作的多元性、丰富性和复杂性使读者能够从多个维度观测其作品。虽然默温并非是公认的超现实主义者,但诗人的某些创作主张及不少诗歌作品都体现出超现实主义的美学特征。一方面,诗人在访谈中暗示了无意识在诗歌创作中的作用,并在诗歌中探讨了创作与无意识的关系。另一方面,他在不少诗歌中呈现出梦幻与现实交织的场景,深入探索无意识领域;诗人还运用简约但灵动的意象,构建起一个充满神秘的诗意世界,试图在诗歌世界里使现实与梦境、客观与主观、意识与无意识达成和解,由此,深化了与生命、反战以及生态相关的主题思想。

W. S. Merwin is one of the most important？ contemporary American Poets. The diversity, richness and complexity of his poetry enables readers and scholars to interpret his works from a variety of perspectives. Al-though Merwin is not commonly acknowledged as a surrealist, surrealism can be found in his view of writing and is also used in his works. He does not only imply the role of unconsciousness in poetry writing in interviews, but he also explores the relationship between unconsciousness and writing in some of his poems. In addition,he uses sur-realism to explore the gist of reality by presenting a landscape between dream and reality; also , he employs simple but unusual images to build a mysterious poetic world to deal with such themes concerning life, war and nature. By doing so, he tries to achieve reconciliations between reality and dream, objective and subjective, and consciousness and unconsciousness.