叶酸摄入与低出生体质量儿的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between maternal folic acid intake and low birth weight infant

目的了解怀孕前1年及孕期叶酸摄入与低出生体质量儿的关联性,以期为低出生体质量儿的防治提供科学依据。方法以2011-2012年在兰州市某三甲妇幼保健院建卡并随访到分娩结局的孕妇为研究对象,用病例对照的研究方法分析孕前及孕期叶酸摄入与低出生体质量儿的关联性。结果在调整了混杂因素后,与未服用叶酸的孕妇相比,在整个孕期及孕前规律补充叶酸>3个月是低出生体质量儿(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.74~0.96)和极低出生体质量儿(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.55~0.98)的保护因素,且均存在剂量反应关系(P趋势<0.05);孕期膳食叶酸低于120.70μg/d是极低出生体质量儿(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.06~3.33)和足月低出生体质量儿的危险因素(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.01~3.34)。结论怀孕前1年及孕期叶酸摄入不足增加了低出生体质量儿的发生风险,建议育龄期妇女在孕前及孕期适量规律地补充叶酸,同时在孕期增加膳食中叶酸的摄入量。

Objective To investigate the correlation between maternal folic acid intake within one year before pregnancy and during pregnancy and low birth weight infant,provide a scientific basis for prevention and treament of low birth weight infant. Methods The pregnant women establishing medical records in a Grade Ⅲ Level A hospital of Lanzhou city and followed up till delivery were selected from 2011 to 2012 as research object. A case-control study was performed to analyze the correlation between maternal folic acid intake before and during pregnancy and low birth weight infant. Results After adjusting confounding factors,compared with the pregnant women without folic acid intake,regular folic acid intake before and during pregnancy more than three months is a protective factor of low birth weight infant（ OR =0. 84,95% CI： 0. 74-0. 96） and very low birth weight infant（ OR = 0. 74,95% CI： 0. 55-0. 98）,showing a dose-depedent manner（ Ptrend〈0. 05）,dietary folic acid intake during pregnancy under 120. 70 μg/d was a risk factor of low birth weight infant（ OR = 1. 88,95%CI： 1. 06-3. 33） and very low birth weight infant（ OR = 1. 83,95% CI： 1. 01-3. 34）. Conclusion Folic acid deficiency within one year before pregnancy and during pregnancy increase the risk of low birth weight infant. It is recommended to supplement folic acid regularly and moderately before and during pregnancy,at the same time,the intake of dietary folic acid during pregnancy should be increased.