改革开放四十年来的劳动力乡城流动与农村留守人口

The Rural Labour Migrationand and Left-behind Population during 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up in China

中国在改革开放以来四十年的快速工业化、城市化和现代化进程中,出现了规模庞大的乡城流动人口和农村留守人口群体。本文将＂流动＂和＂留守＂置于全球新自由主义发展和农村商品化进程的背景之下,追溯改革开放四十年来这两大农村人口群体的历史变迁与发展现状,并探讨其形成的原因、影响以及未来的发展展望。本文认为,＂流动＂和＂留守＂两大人口群体的出现是社会整体以经济增长为主导目标、城市偏向的发展模式的必然结果。农村＂流动＂和＂留守＂群体共同为中国社会的稳定与发展做出了重要贡献,但也为此付出了代价。流动和留守人口问题的根本性化解,有赖于一个城乡协同、权利平等、和谐交融,且以＂人＂的福祉为终极关怀的发展模式。

During the processes of rapid industrialization,urbanization and modernization since China＇s reform and opening-up,there are a large number of rural migrant population and left-behind population emerging in rural China. Putting ＇migration＇ and ＇left-behind＇into the context of the development of global neoliberalism and the process of rural commercialization,this study traces the historical changes and current situation of these two rural population groups,and explores its causes of formation,influence,and future prospects. This research argues that the emergence of ＇migration＇and ＇left-behind＇population groups in rural China,who have madeimportant contributions to the stability and development of Chinese society,but also have paid a huge price for it,is aninevitable result of the development model which is absolutely led by the goal of economic growth and urban bias. A fundamental solution to the problems these two groupsmeet depends on a new development model based on urban-rural integration,equal rights,and the ultimate concern of human well-being.