社会经济地位、环境卫生设施与农村居民健康

Socioeconomic Status,Environmental Sanitation Facilities and Health of Rural Residents

本文运用Grossman模型,阐释了社会经济地位通过农户环境卫生设施影响中国农村居民健康的中介效应,并利用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据对该中介效应进行了依次检验和Sobel检验。研究表明,存在以农户环境卫生设施为中介变量的显著正向中介效应;对于社会经济地位各个维度,农户环境卫生设施影响健康的中介效应在不同性别及收入群体间存在差异;男性和低收入群体,存在收入通过环境卫生设施影响健康的中介效应,而女性和高收入群体存在家庭经营范围通过环境卫生设施影响健康的中介效应;相对男性和高收入群体而言,教育通过环境卫生设施影响女性和低收入群体健康的中介效应更为明显。通过改善农户环境卫生设施提升农村健康人力资本,应根据个人社会经济特征实施差异化政策。

Thispaperapplied Grossman model to explain the mediating effect of socioeconomic status on the health of rural residents in China through the environmental sanitation facilities in ruralhouseholds,and then used the data of Chinese family tracking survey（ CFPS） to check the mediating effect with the methods of sequential test and Sobel test. The study shows that there is a significant and positive mediating effect on rural households＇ environmental sanitation facilities as intermediary variables. For the various dimensions of social and economic status,the mediating effect of the health facilities of rural households ＇ environmental sanitation facilities is different among different genderand income groups. The mediating effect of income on health is influenced by environmental sanitation facilities,while there is a mediating effect of family business scope on health through environmental sanitation facilities. Compared to male and high income groups,the mediating effect of education through environmental health facilities on the health of female and low-income groups is more obvious. Differential policies should be implemented according to the social and economic characteristics of individual to promote rural health human capital by improving rural environmental sanitation facilities.