退牧还草生态补奖与农户种养殖替代行为

Ecological Reward and Compensationfor Returning Grazing Land to Grassland and Famers’ Alternative Behavior within Planting and Breeding

本文基于机制设计、激励相容理论,以探求草原生态补奖机制中农户行为传导、影响机理,及其对农户种养殖替代行为的激励效果。文章通过宁夏农牧交错区农户调查数据,应用Logit二值回归模型和倾向得分匹配法,重点分析了农户参与舍饲棚圈、人工饲草奖励性项目带来种养殖替代行为的影响因素及其对种养殖规模的政策激励效果评价。研究显示：退牧还草奖励项目在宁夏农牧交错带实施的政策响应度较高,舍饲棚圈、人工饲草项目对转变畜牧业发展方式发挥着显著互补作用;人工饲草奖励项目对增加羊只养殖和饲草种植面积的激励作用显著,参与舍饲棚圈项目虽显著增加了人工饲草地种植面积,但对扩大羊只养殖规模的效果不明显;同时,农户参与奖励补助项目也带来农户缺粮和种植结构单一等问题。本文并为完善草原生态补奖机制设计与激励相容提出了相关政策建议。

This paper is based on mechanism design and incentive compatibility theory in order to probe into the mechanism of how farmers＇ behavior transmits and influences in the mechanism of pasture ecological reward and compensation,as well as its incentive effect on farmers＇ alternative behavior within planting and breeding. Based on the farmers investigation data in the farming and animal husbandry ecotone of Ningxia,this paper mainly analyzes the impact factors of farmers＇ participation in barn feeding and artificial forage grass programs which lead to the alternative behavior within planting and breeding,and its policy incentive effect evaluation for planting and breeding scale with application of the logit two-value regression model and the propensity score matching method respectively. The results of our research showthat the returning grazing land to grassland incentive program has a higher responding level in the farming and animal husbandry ecotone of Ningxia,and that the barn feeding and artificial forage grass programs have a significant complementary effect on the transformation of husbandry development mode. The incentive effect of this artificial forage grass program which can increase sheep breeding and planting area of forage grass is also pretty significant. Although participating in the barn feeding program significantly enlarges the artificial forage grass area,its effect on expanding sheep feeding scale is not significant so much. Simultaneously,farmers＇ participation in these reward and compensation programs causes such problems as the lack of food and singular agriculture structure. Eventually,this paper proposes some relevant policy suggestions for perfecting the grassland ecologic reward and compensation and incentive compatibility mechanism.