服用人参导致“上火”的研究综述

Review of‘Internal heat'Caused by Taking Ginseng

目的:系统整理服用人参引起"上火"的文献报道,对服用人参导致"上火"的传统阐释和现代机制研究进行总结及分析。方法:通过手动检索国内外关于人参及"上火"的相关文献,分别从传统中医药学及生物化学、药物化学等,对其进行分析与总结。结果:服用人参过量或不当可能会导致"上火",中医理论认为补气过,生气速于血,"气有余便是火"。现代研究认为,服用人参过量或不当会引起机体内白介素、多巴胺、肾上腺皮质激素等水平升高,导致人体出现睡眠障碍、口腔溃疡、鼻出血等症状。服用人参导致"上火"的化学成分认为有人参皂苷Ro、人参皂苷Rg1、田七素三种单体成分及人参二醇、人参三醇、次生人参皂苷等一类成分。服用人参致"上火"的相关机理研究结论有矛盾。结论:人参中的主要有效成分对机体的作用机制与"上火"时机体内的生化指标变化情况存在相似性。服用人参致"上火"的化学物质基础及作用机理缺乏科学可信的实验数据支持,有待进一步深入研究。

To systematically collect the relative literatures about‘internal heat’caused by taking ginseng, to summarize and analyze the scientific definition of‘internal heat’according to Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） theory and modern mechanism research. Through literature review, this article also analyzed and discussed the theory of‘fire’based on the view of TCM, biochemistry and medicinal chemistry. It has been reported that the excessive and improper use of ginseng might lead‘internal heat’. According to TCM theory, excessive nourishment of Qi will lead the generation speed of Qi faster than Blood, which will then cause‘fire’. Modern researches indicated that the overdose or improper use of ginseng increased the levels of interleukin, dopamine, adrenal-cortical hormone as well as other biomarkers, which would then cause insomnia, oral ulcer, nose bleeding and other symptoms. Researchers indicated that ginsenoside Ro,ginsenoside Rg1, dencichine as well as panoxadiol, panoxatriol and other secondary ginseng saponin would cause‘fire’.However, the conclusion about mechanism study on‘fire’was conflicting. The changes on biochemical index caused by the main active components from ginseng are very similar to which caused by‘fire’. The chemical substances and their mechanisms on‘fire’after the treatment of ginseng still need to be further studied.