从《易》之三易到心之三易——论马一浮易学思想及其对朱陆之学的取舍

From the Three Implications of the Yi to the Three Implications of Heart-mind:Ma Yifu's Changes-oriented Thought and His Choice of Zhu Xi's View over Lu Jiuyuan's

马一浮的易学思想以"三易"为核心,"三易"即不易、变易、简易。马一浮既将"三易"看作理解《周易》文本的枢纽,又将其扩展为认识世界、探究人心的关键性范畴。通过对《易》之三易和心之三易的分析,马一浮检讨了诸种错误认识:就《易》的内在结构而言,他针对得意忘言、得意忘象,强调变易和不易的联系,提倡"得象尽意"的简易之用;就认识世界而言,他针对断见和常见,强调不易和变易不即不离的关系,提倡简易指向的非断非常的正见;就理解人的心性结构而言,他针对陆王的"心即理",剖析心性层面不易、变易、简易之间的联系和区别,提倡程朱的"心统性情"和"性即理",并由此在朱陆之间进行了取舍。马一浮以"三易"为核心的易学思想,是其经学思想的终论。

The three implications （i. e. , simplicity, changeability, and non-changeability） of the term yi 易 formed the core of Ma Yifu＇ s （1883-1967） thought based on the Book of Changes. Not only did he regard the three implications as the pivot for us to comprehend the Yi jing, but also extended their compass into a critical category for us to understand the world and humans＇ heart-mind. Through analyzing the three implications of the Yi and heart-mind, Ma Yifu reviewed various miscon-ceptions. On the internal structure of the Yi jing, with respect to ＂forgetting language once one has obtained the images＂ and ＂forgetting images once one has obtained the idea＂ asserted by Wang Bi （ 226-249）, Ma Yifu emphasized the connection between changeability and non-changeability, and advocated ＂obtaining the images and fully grasping the idea＂ as the usage of simplicity. On understanding the world, in regard to moment and eternality, he stressed the inseparability between changeability and non-changeability, and upheld sarnyakdrsti （right view） indicated by simplicity. On understanding the structure of the human heart-mind, in regard to Lu Jiuyuan （1139-1193） and Wang Yangming＇s （1472-1529） assertion that ＂heart-mind is principle＂, he analyzed the connection and distinction between non-changeability, changeability, and simplici-ty, and advocated Cheng Yi （1033-1107） and Zhu Xi＇s （1130-1200） view that ＂heart-mind governs human nature and emo-tions＂ and ＂human nature is principle＂, by which his choice of views between Zhu and Lu can be seen. On account of the richness and all-inclusiveness of the three implications of the Yi, the Yi jin,g turned out to be the source of the Six Confucian Classics and the finality of Ma Yifu＇s thought.