易学视野下的《月令》新诠——黄道周《月令明义》研究

A New Interpretation of the Yue lingfrom Perspectives of the Changes Scholarship:A Study of Huang Daozhou's Yue ling ming yi

明末大儒黄道周的《月令明义》是《月令》诠释史上有代表性而且风格独特的一部著作,也是黄道周后期《礼记》五解之一,但是《月令明义》的解经体例有别于其他四解,其解经特点是杂采经传,相互考证、推衍与阐发,以及以阴阳二气的思想贯穿于《月令》诠释之中,而其最大特点无疑是以易解令。该书正是以易历结合的方式对《月令》条文背后的思想进行综合阐发。通过重点对《月令明义》书中十二月与十二消息卦的关联论述进行梳理与解读,可以看出黄道周旨在阐发《月令》律令条文背后的王道思想,其王道思想实以农为本、以民为本;并以此为基础,构建礼乐教化的体系,重庆赏而轻刑威,体现了儒家农本民本思想与提倡仁政德政的主张。

The great late Ming （ 1368-1644） Confucian Hang Daozhou＇ s （ 1585-1646 ） Yue ling ruing yi （ Clarification of the Meanings of the Monthly Ordinances ） was a representative work in the history of the interpretation of the Yue ling （ Monthly Ordinances）. It was also one of his five interpretations of the Li ji （Book of Rites）, but the interpretive layout of the Yue ling ruing yi was different from the other four interpretations. In his interpretation of the Yue ling, he took into consideration both the basic text and the Commentaries on it, and applied the waxing and waning of the yin and yang forces to his interpretation of the full text of the Monthly Ordinances, so the most salient feature of his hermeneutics was interpre-ting the ordinances by the knowledge from the Changes scholarship. It was through integrating the Changes scholarship and calendrical science that this book produced a comprehensive elaboration of the thought behind the text of the Yue ling. Focu sing on the correlation between the twelve months and the twelve waxing and waning hexagrams explicated in the book, we can see Huang Daozhou aiming to expound the Wang dao （sagely Way） behind the text of the Monthly Ordinances, which actually treated agriculture and the people as the foundation for the teaching system by rituals and music. His interpretation emphasizes rewards and despises punishment, representing Confucian agriculture-oriented and people oriented thought and advocacy of benevolent governance by virtue.