山东省泰山风景区蚊类多样性调查分析

Analysis on the diversity of mosquito species in Mount Tai scenic spots in Shandong province

目的了解山东省泰山风景区不同海拔高度的蚊类多样性,为该地区的灭蚊工作提供依据。方法 2016年4-11月,在泰山风景区由低到高选择3个不同海拔高度的景点作为调查样区,利用夜间诱蚊灯法和白天人诱法等进行成蚊调查,对捕获蚊虫进行分类鉴定及统计学分析。结果共捕获成蚊1 762只,其中诱蚊灯法捕获成蚊4属9种1 096只,人诱法等捕获成蚊3属3种666只;在低、中、高海拔区分别捕获成蚊9种1 153只、5种530只和5种79只。低海拔区蚊虫物种最丰富(9种),但物种多样性指数(0.820)、均匀度指数(0.820)和种间相遇概率(0.617)均最低;而高海拔景区物种丰富度较低(5种),但物种多样性指数(1.315)、均匀度指数(1.881)和种间相遇概率(0.671)均最高。结论泰山风景区不同海拔高度景点蚊类多样性明显不同,越接近泰山底部,蚊虫物种丰富度、种群密度和生物量越大,而蚊种多样性、种间相遇概率和均匀度则逐渐降低,反之亦然,对研究蚊虫群落多样性有一定指导意义。

Objective To analyze the diversity of mosquito species at different elevations in the scenic areas of Mount Tai,Shandong province,and to provide basis for mosquito control in this area.Methods From April to October 2016,adult mosquitoes were collected by mosquito light trap during night,and human landing catch during daytime in three different altitude spots chosen as sampling areas.Catches were identified and analyzed by species and elevations.Results A total of 1 762 mosquitoes were collected,of which 1 096 were captured by light trap that were identified to belong to 9 species in 4 genera.In total,666 mosquitos were captured by human landing that were identified to belong to3 species in 3 genera.Among all the mosquitoes collected,1 153 mosquitoes were from the lower altitude that were identified to belong to 9 species,530 mosquitos from intermediate altitude that identified belong to 5 species and 79 mosquitos from high altitude that were identified to belong to 5 species.The species of mosquitoes from lower altitude were the most abundant（9 species）but Shannon-Wiener index（0.820）,Pielou index（0.820）and the meeting rate of species（0.617）in this area were the lowest.The species of mosquitoes from high altitude were the minimum（5 species）and Shannon-Wiener index（1.315）,Pielou index（1.881）,the meeting rate of species（0.671）in this area were the highest.Conclusion The mosquito species of scenic spots in Mount Tai is obviously different.The species richness,population density and biomass were higher at lower elevation.But Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index and the meeting rate of species showed the reverse trend.It is helpful to study the diversity of mosquito communities in the studied area.