4～6岁儿童睡眠打鼾与智力水平相关性的临床研究

Study on the correlation between sleep snoring and intelligence level in 4-6 years old children

目的评估4~6岁阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)儿童智力水平。方法选取2015年1月~2016年8月于睡眠中心行夜间多道睡眠图监测并确诊为OSAHS患儿,年龄4~6岁,为OSAHS组;另招募年龄、性别匹配的健康儿童为对照组。所有儿童均进行智力水平的检查评估,评估工具选择幼儿韦氏智力测试。比较OSAHS组与对照组儿童智力水平有无差异。结果 OSAHS组和对照组儿童各30例。OSAHS组、对照组儿童总智商分别为96.59±12.60、102.53±8.44,言语智商分别为94.00±13.24、101.03±9.41、领悟测试得分分别为5.96±2.5、7.57±2.14、视觉分析得分分别为8.85±2.32、10.30±1.93,OSAHS均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。操作智商与夜间低氧血症的时间呈负相关性。结论 OSAHS患儿智力水平在正常范围,但平均水平低于对照组儿童,打鼾影响4~6岁儿童智力水平,对操作智商的影响与夜间低氧血症的时间密切相关。

OBJECTIVE Aim to evaluate the mental level in 4-6 years old children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS）. METHODS Children who were diagnosed as OSAHS with a whole night PSG monitor in the sleep center between January 2015 and August 2016, and 30 healthy children were included in the study. Intelligent levels were evaluated at the enrollment day.The following intelligent levels evaluation questionnaires were used： Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children and infants. Intelligent levels were compared between the patient and healthy control groups. RESULTS The 60 children,including 30 children with OSAHS（patient group） and 30 healthy children（control group） were enrolled. Comparison of the patient versus the control groups revealed that total intelligence quotient（FIQ） was 96.59±12.60 vs 102.53±8.44;language capability（VIQ） was 94.00±13.24 vs 101.03±9.41;comprehension test was 5.96±2.5 vs 7.57±2.14; visual analysis was 8.85±2.32 vs 10.3±1.93. All the 4 values in the patient group were significantly lower than those in the control group（all P〈0.05）. The accumulated time of SO_290% correlated with PIQ negatively and significantly.CONCLUSION The intelligent level of children with OSAHS was in the normal range, but lower than that of healthy group. Snoring affects the IQ level of 4-6 years old children, and the influence on PIQ is closely related to the accumulated time of SO_290% in total sleep time.