一笔不应当拒绝的遗产——常州词派“比兴寄托”论词的现代解读

A Legacy that Should not be Rejected——A Modern Interpretation of the “Bi Xing Ji Tuo”(Metaphorical Expression)in Changzhou School of Ci Poetry

以张惠言为祖师的常州词派以"比兴寄托"阐释法,对温庭筠的艳词进行了革命性的解读。这一源自于先秦两汉儒家诗学传统的阐释法,在现当代遭到了冷遇,原因在于其政治性、隐晦性。"比兴寄托"作为中国诗歌的"金科玉律"和词学理论的最高成就,我们不能不对此进行深入研究和现代观照。兼具中西文化识见的叶嘉莹先生对"比兴寄托"问题高度重视,为此提出了立足于作者、作品和历史的三个标准来加以判定。此外,还提出了读者联想和文化语码的解读方式,给予后学极大的启发。在此基础上,我们需要以现代视角来探究立足于读者的阐释之路,即常州词派作为一个阐释共同体,建立了以读者为核心的阐释原则和常派家法,极大地拓展了论词的空间。"比兴寄托"这一传统通过我们的现代解读,以冀能够历久弥新。

Changzhou School of Ci Poetry founded by ZHANG Huiyan conducted revolutionary interpretations of WEN Tingyun＇s erotic poetry by adopting an interpretative method of ＂Bi Xing Ji Tuo＂ （or metaphorical expression）. This interpretation, which originat- ed from the tradition of Confucian poetics in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, has met with cold reception in modern times because of its political nature and obscurity. Being as the ＂Golden Rule＂ of Chinese poetry and the highest achievement of the Ci poetry study, such a method demands a deep-going study and a modern interpretation. YE Jia-ying who is knowledgeable in both Chinese and West- em cultures highly valued this method and has put forward a way of evaluation based on the three criteria, namely, author, work, and history. She has also proposed an interpretative method by means of reader＇s association and cultural codes, providing future scholars with great inspiration. With such a profound foundation, we should start from a modern perspective and try to find a way of hermeneutics on the basis of the reader. In other words, we can regard the Changzhou School of Ci Poetry as a hermeneutie community that has established an interpretation principle centering on the reader, which has, being a distinctive hermeneutie law of Changzhou school, greatly expanded the realm of ci study. It is hoped that, through our modern interpretation, such a tradition of ＂Bi Xing Ji Tno＂ can be eternally renewed.