基于遥感和GIS的珲春市生态环境动态监测与评价

Based on remote sensing and geographic information system in dynamic monitoring and evaluation of ecological environment for Hunchun city

为动态监测珲春市生态环境,选取人类活动、土壤和植被3个评价指标,通过层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重并建立了生态环境评价体系.利用1996年9月、2004年5月和2015年9月3个时期的Landsat遥感影像图,提取了3个对应期的土地利用数据、植被覆盖度数据以及土壤侵蚀数据.通过叠加分析得到这3个时期的生态环境状况综合指数数据.数据显示:这3个时期占比例最大的生态指数分别为"优"(48.02%)、"良"(46.91%)和"良"(48.38%),说明珲春市总体生态环境质量良好;3个时期的生态指数呈"优"的地区面积逐渐减少,生态指数呈"良"、"中"和"差"的地区面积逐渐增长,说明珲春市的整体生态环境呈下降趋势.

In order to dynamically monitor the ecological environment in Hunchun city,three evaluation indexes of human activity,soil and vegetation are selected,the weights of each evaluation index through analytic hierarchy process（AHP）is determined,and the evaluation system of ecological environment is established.Based on the Landsat remote sensing images of September 1996,May 2004 and September 2015,the land use data,vegetation coverage data and soil erosion data of three corresponding periods are extracted.Through the overlay analysis,the comprehensive index data of the ecological environment in the three periods were obtained.The ecological indexes with the largest proportion of the three periods are ＂best＂（48.02%）,＂good＂（46.91%）and＂good＂（48.38%）,indicating that the overall ecological environment in Hunchun city is of good quality;In the three periods,the area with the best ecological index gradually decreased and the area with good,medium and poor ecological index gradually increased,indicating that the overall ecological environment of Hunchun city showed a downward trend.