昆明市羁押场所毒品滥用者艾滋病干预影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factor of HIV intervention service for drug abusers in detention place of Kunming

[目的]了解干预覆盖与未覆盖的人群特征,分析接受干预的影响因素。[方法]采用一对一结构问卷对云南省女子戒毒所和昆明市戒毒所新入所者进行横断面调查并检测HIV抗体。[结果]研究共调查1848名毒品滥用者,男性70.5%,女性29.5%;接受过干预者54.2%;HIV感染率6.7%;干预未覆盖相对于覆盖人群的主要特征为:年龄≤30岁分别占55.8%和27.8%(P<0.001),外地户籍分别占58.7%和37.1%(P<0.001),本地居住≤2年分别占42.5%和30.6%(P<0.001),吸毒史≤3年分别占56.6%和23.1%(P<0.001),使用新型毒品分别占82.1%和75.2%(P<0.001),注射分别占21.7%和50.1%(P<0.001),有羁押史分别占62.2%何79.3%(P<0.001)。接受干预的独立影响因素主要为年龄、文化程度、吸毒史、性伴类型、一起吸毒的人数、HIV感染状态。[结论]从未接受干预者区别于曾接受者,以低年龄、高流动性、使用新型毒品、多人一起吸毒、更为隐秘为特征。接受干预的影响因素主要体现为时间积累效应和被动接触,干预工作存在诸多挑战。针对干预未覆盖人群特点寻求干预突破对昆明市毒品滥用人群的艾滋病控制有重要意义。

Objectives To know characteristics of drug abusers which cover or uncover HIV intervention service,analyze influencing factor of intervention service. Methods Cross-sectional study and HIV antibody detection were used for questionnaire-based interviews to new entrants by face to face in Yunnan Provincial female drug rehabilitation center and Kunming rehabilitation center. Results It investigated 1848 drug abusers,70. 5% was male,29. 5% was female,54. 2% had received HIV intervention,HIV infection rate was 6. 7%. Main characteristics of who uncover HIV intervention service relative to covered. It was that younger ≤30 was 55. 8% vs. 27. 8%,P〈0. 001）,floating population was（58. 7% vs. 37. 1%,P〈0. 001）,local living ≤2 years was（42. 5% vs. 30. 6%,P〈0. 001）,drug abuse ≤3 years was（56. 6%vs. 23. 1%,P〈0. 001）,use neotype drugs was（82. 1% vs. 75. 2%,P〈0. 001）,injection was（21. 7% vs. 50. 1%,P〈0. 001）,detention history was（62. 2% vs. 79. 3%,P〈0. 001）. Independent influencing factors of receiving HIV intervention were age,education level,years of drug use,types of sex partner,number of people who use drug together and status of HIV infection. Conclusions Compared with drug users who ever received HIV intervention,those who never received HIV intervention like more younger,high flow,use neotype drugs,multi-user of drugs together and more hidden. Influencing factors with HIV intervention mainly reflects on time accumulative effect and passive contact. HIV intervention work has a certain challenges. It has significance that find intervention breakthrough for AIDS control to drug abusers which aim to uncover HIV intervention groups.