我国双季稻物候特征及其与水热条件的关系研究

Research on phenology characteristic of double cropping rice and its relationship with corresponding hydro-thermal conditions in China

水稻生长发育过程受到气候条件的影响,而其又可以有效反映水热气候条件的变化情况。选取我国双季稻(早稻和晚稻)2000—2013年的物候观测数据和气象观测数据,总结了双季稻物候期的变化趋势和空间分布,并分析了双季稻各生长期(营养生长期、繁殖生长期、总生长期)与对应水热条件的相关关系。研究发现,物候期呈推迟趋势的站点数往往要多于呈提前趋势的站点数;有别于全球变暖的大背景,早稻晚稻总生长期期间平均温和降水量均无显著性变化,但各生长期长度普遍与平均温呈负相关、与降水量呈正相关关系。此外,分农业区量化了平均温和降水变化对各生长期的影响,结果表明温度对生长期长度的影响更大。最后,利用轮作站点探讨了用年值气候数据替代生长期气候数据分析水稻物候对气候的响应特征的合理性问题。

The process of rice growth and development is affected by climatic conditions. And this process in turn can reflect the variation of climatic conditions. Based on phenological and meteorological observation data of double rice in China during 2000-2013, this paper studied the changing trends and spatial distribution of rice phenophase, and relationships between the growth period lengths（vegetative growth period, reproductive growth period, and the whole growth period） of double rice and the corresponding hydro-thermal conditions. The results showed that the numbers of delayed stations were always more than those of advanced stations for most phenophase. Different from the general phenomenon of global warming, there was no significant change in average temperature and total precipitation during growth period from 2000 to 2013. Meanwhile, the length of growth period was negatively correlated with average temperature, and positively correlated with total precipitation. In addition, our study quantified the impact of temperature and precipitation on the length of each growth period in different agricultural areas, and showed the result that temperature played a more important role than precipitation. With selecting rotation stations, the reasonability of using annual climate data to climatic data during growth period substitute to study the characteristic of rice phenology was also discussed.