莱州湾滨海湿地景观类型与土壤因子相关性研究

Correlation between landscape types and soil factors of coastal wetlands in Laizhou Bay

通过对Landsat 8遥感影像的解译,根据莱州湾滨海湿地特征并结合野外实际调查,得到2013—2016年莱州湾滨海湿地景观类型,并分析景观格局变化与植被及土壤因子耦合关系。结果表明,2013—2016年莱州湾天然滨海湿地面积减少,人工滨海湿地面积增加。至2016年莱州天然滨海湿地面积811.41 km^2,人工滨海湿地面积1256.01 km^2,分别占39.25%和60.75%,人工湿地中90%以上为养殖池和盐田;滨海湿地向建设类转化的趋势明显;天然湿地植被的变化与滨海湿地土壤养分之间存在着显著相互作用,植被生物量和土壤养分含量是景观类型演变的驱动力因素,其变化可以间接反应湿地变化后生态系统的变化。

The variation of types and areas of coastal wetland in Laizhou Bay from 2013 to 2016 were obtained by using Landsat 8 remote sensing combing with the in situ investigation to analyze the landscape pattern change of coastal wetland in Laizhou Bay, and hence to analyze the relationship between landscape patterns and soil factors in seven typical sampling sites. The result showed that natural wetland area decreased whereas the artificial wetland area increased in Laizhou Bay during 2013 to 2016. The natural wetland area was 811.41 km^2 and the artificial coastal wetland area was 1256.01 km^2, occupying about 39.25% and 60.75% respectively of the total coastal wetlands in Laizhou Bay. More than 90% of the artificial wetlands were cultured ponds and saltern. As the major type of coastal wetland in Laizhou Bay, saltern was 848.66 km^2, accounting for 41.05% of the total area of coastal wetlands in Laizhou Bay. Although, the increase of artificial coastal wetlands was not significant, obvious trend was found that coastal wetlands converted to the construction land. Vegetation biomass and soil nutrient content were the driving factors of landscape type evolution, and their changes could indirectly reflect the changes in wetland after ecosystem change, indicating that there were significant interactions between changes in vegetation aboveground and soil nutrient in natural wetland.