OLI理论视角下珠三角港台资企业空间特征演变及影响机制研究

OLI Perspective: Spatial Distribution Evolution of Hong Kong-funded and Taiwan-funded Enterprises in the Pearl River Delta Region

随着粤港澳大湾区上升为国家战略,协助港澳融入国家发展大局成为了政府、学者关心的重要议题。港台资本曾对珠三角发展产生深远影响,在新背景下为了判断港台投资是否仍会发生以及以何种方式发生;本研究通过港台资企业象征港台直接投资,以珠三角九市的港台资企业名目为数据基础,运用GIS技术在镇和市辖区街道合并的尺度分析企业的时空分布特征;并在国际生产折衷论的框架下解析其影响因素,探索最新的港珠关系。研究发现,2001到2014年珠三角港台资集聚特征明显,15年间形成了较为稳定的"两核双轴串四点"的空间结构。在制造业的所有权优势几乎不变的背景下,成本和制度的区位优势仍然吸引着港台商的资金,但优势正在减弱,集聚的区位优势开始显现;而港台商愈发显现的品牌、代理等所有权优势与珠三角市场、区域和集聚的区位优势共同影响着港资服务业的空间分布。

When the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was uplifted as a national strategy, assisting Hong Kong and Macao into the overall national development plans became a concerning issue for government and scholars. Investments from Hong Kong and Taiwan once had a profound impact in the Pearl River Delta（PRD）. This paper investigates why and how Hong Kong and Taiwan investments are made under the new development background of China. Hong Kong-funded and Taiwan-funded enterprises were used to represent foreign direct investment（FDI） of Hong Kong and Taiwan. Based on the Hong Kong-funded and Taiwan-funded enterprise list in nine cities in the PRD, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the enterprises were analyzed using GIS technology and the combined scale of the towns and streets across one district. Moreover, the corresponding influencing factors were analyzed using the framework of international production compromise theory. Finally, the recent Hong Kong-PRD relationship was explored. There were a significant accumulation of Hong Kong and Taiwan investments in the PRD from 2001 to 2014. A stable spatial structure of ＂Two Cores-Two Axes-Four Areas＂ was formed during these years. Given the same ownership advantages to the manufacturing industry and the location advantages of cost, institutions were still attracting funds from Hong Kong and Taiwan. However, the advantages were weakened and location advantages became clustered. The increasing ownership advantages of Hong Kong and Taiwan investors in brand and agency, as well as the location advantages of the PRD market, region and agglomeration, were influencing the spatial distribution of the Hong Kong-owned service industry.