广西边境地区县级医院实验室应对突发公共卫生事件能力状况调查

Survey of responding capacity on public health emergency of laboratories of county-level hospital in border region of Guangxi

[目的]了解广西边境地区县级医院实验室突发公共卫生事件应对能力状况。[方法]以普查方法对广西边境地区22家县级医院进行问卷调查,内容包括实验室检验人员基本情况、分离和鉴定相关致病源能力、生物安全实验室和相关技术操作情况、实验室诊断相关机制等。[结果]广西边境地区县级医院实验室检验人员学历以专科为主(63.3%),71.1%人员为初级及以下职称。只有1所县医院能够分离鉴定鼠疫;9.1%的实验室能检测肉毒杆菌毒素和毒鼠强等中毒;10%~30%的实验室能分离和鉴定流行性脑脊髓膜炎、霍乱、SARS、流行性乙型脑炎、流行性感冒和炭疽热。只有9所县级医院拥有二级生物安全实验室。细胞培养技术和病毒分离技术开展比例则较低(36.4%、13.6%)。县医院实验室与其他部门缺乏沟通协作。[结论]县级医院实验室的检验人员素质有待提高,突发公共卫生事件检测能力不足,与其他机构实验室沟通协作机制有待完善,尚不能较好地适应突发公共卫生事件应急处置的需要。

Objective To understand responding ability on public health emergency of county-level hospital laboratories in Guangxi border area.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 22 county-level hospitals in Guangxi border area,which included basic information of laboratory staffs,their ability for isolation and identification of pathogens,situation of biosafety laboratory and related technical operations and laboratory diagnosis-related mechanism. Results The laboratory staffs of county-level hospitals in Guangxi border area mainly graduated from college（ 63. 3%） and 71. 1% of them had junior or below professional title. Only one county-level hospital could isolate and identify plague.9. 1% of laboratories could detect botulinum toxin and tetramine and other poisonings. 10% to 30% of laboratories could isolate and identify epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,cholera,SARS,Epidemic encephalitis B,influenza and anthrax. Only nine county-level hospitals had BSL-2 laboratories. Operation rate of cell culture techniques and virus isolation techniques was low（ 36. 4% and 13. 6%）. County-level hospital laboratories lack communication and collaboration with other departments. Conclusions The quality of the laboratory staffs at the county-level hospital laboratories need to be improved,and their detection capacity toward public health emergencies is not enough to meet the needs to deal with these emergencies. Communication and collaboration mechanism needs to be perfected.