酵母与芽孢杆菌在小麦粉基质中共培养的生长规律

Growth Rules of Yeast and Bacillus during Co-Culture in Wheat Flour Medium

微生物间的影响是多菌种纯种发酵研究的重要内容。本研究在恒定的初始碳源和持续供给碳源条件下,分析了酿酒酵母、毕赤酵母、汉逊酵母和鲁氏酵母分别与枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌混合发酵过程中的相互作用。结果显示,营养物浓度对酵母的生长能力起主要作用,同时,枯草芽孢杆菌对酵母有生长抑制效应,而地衣芽孢杆菌则没有。与枯草芽孢杆菌混合培养时,汉逊酵母(MAX=5.30×10~8±0.54×10~8CFU/m L)和毕赤酵母(MAX=6.73×10~7±0.70×10~7CFU/m L)都能保持一段生长增殖阶段,而酿酒酵母和鲁氏酵母细胞数都持续减少;与地衣芽孢杆菌混合培养下,除汉逊酵母有明显的生长增殖过程(MAX=14.70×10~8±3.00×10~8CFU/m L)外,毕赤酵母和酿酒酵母表现维持生长,其细胞数分别在0.22×10~8CFU/m L和0.70×10~8CFU/m L左右小幅波动,而鲁氏接合酵母细胞数呈持续下降。总体而言,除汉逊酵母与地衣芽孢杆菌的混酵过程以酵母细胞增殖为主,其他培养过程均以芽孢杆菌增殖为主。同时,酵母与芽孢杆菌的适配性顺序为汉逊酵母>毕赤酵母>酿酒酵母>鲁氏酵母。

The interaction between microorganisms is an important part of the study of pure strain fermentation. In this research, the interaction between yeast（Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia fabianii, Hansenula and Zygoasccharomyces rouxii） and Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis in the mixed fermentation process was analyzed under the conditions of constant initial carbon source and continuous supply of carbon source. The results showed that the nutrient concentration played a major role in the growth of yeast. B.subtilis had an inhibition effect on the growth of yeast, while B.licheniformis did not. When co-culturing with B.subtilis, Hansenula（MAX=5.30×10~8±0.54×10~8 CFU/m L） and P.fabianii（MAX=6.73×10~7±0.70×10~7 CFU/m L） could maintain a stage of growth and proliferation, while the cell number of S.cerevisiae and Z.rouxii continued to decrease. When co-culturing with B.licheniformis, Hansenula had obvious growth and proliferation process（MAX=14.70 × 10^8± 3.00 × 10^8 CFU/m L）, both P.fabianii and S.cerevisiae maintained growing with the number of cells fluctuated around 0.22×10^8 CFU/m L and 0.70×10^8 CFU/m L respectively, and the cell number of Z.rouxii descends continuously. In general, the main change trend was the proliferation of Bacillus in all co-culture processes except coculture of Hansenula and Bacillus licheniformis, during which the main trend was the proliferation of yeast. The order of suitability of yeast to Bacillus was： Hansenula 〉P.fabianii〉 S.cerevisiae〉 Z.rouxii.