MicroRNA与肝癌诊治的研究进展

Research Progress of MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

肝癌是当前世界上发病率和病死率较高的恶性肿瘤之一,超过60%的确认肝癌患者已经进入中晚期,当前的手术、化疗、放疗等方法虽然可以延长患者的生存期,但依然存在术后复发率高、耐药、远期疗效不满意等问题。微RNA(miRNA)是一类长度为18~25个核苷酸的内源性非编码的单链RNA,通常在逆转录后水平调控基因表达。miRNA在肝癌中发挥重要作用,其通过靶向致癌基因和抑癌基因参与癌症进展和转移,基于miRNA的特殊性、普遍性、稳定性和不具免疫原性,其已成为肝癌早期诊治的一个靶标。

Hepatocellular carcinoma,one of the most common malignancies in the world,has high morbidity and mortality. More than 60% of confirmed liver cancer patients are already in the middle and late stages. Although the current surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy can prolong the survival time of patients,there are problems like high postoperative recurrence,drug resistance,and unsatisfactory long-term efficacy. MicroRNA（ miRNA） is a kind of endogenous,non-coding,single-stranded RNAs with about 18-25 nucleotides in length that normally regulate gene expression on retrotranscriptase level. miRNA plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma. It is involved in cancer progression and metastasis by targeting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Based on the specificity,universality,stability,and non-immunogenicity of miRNA,it has become a target for early diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.