心电图在急性脑血管病中的应用及临床价值分析

Application of Electrocardiogram in Acute Cerebrovascular Disease and Its Clinical Value Analysis

目的分析心电图在急性脑血管病中的应用和临床价值。方法方便选取该院于2015年6月—2017年6月收治的400例急性脑血管病患者作为研究对象,并根据急性脑血管病的具体类型分为3组,脑出血组189例,蛛网膜下腔出血组147例,脑梗死组64例。根据受试者入院后的心电图变化特点,对其在急性脑血管病中的临床价值进行评估。结果 400例患者中有308例(77.0%)患者存在心电图改变,其中脑梗死组45例(70.3%)与蛛网膜下腔出血组114例(77.6%)心电图异常率显著低于脑出血组(78.8%)(χ~2=8.946,P=0.01)。且308例心电图异常患者中,病情好转或稳定252例(81.8%),死亡56例(18.2%),好转患者中心电图异常(心律失常、心电图改变、复极改变)比例显著低于死亡患者,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.335,6.065,4.926,P=0.015,0.010,0.019)。结论心电图可有效反应急性脑血管病患者的病情和病况,其的改变可作为病情判断和预后进展的重要评价指标。

Objective This paper tries to analyze the application and clinical value of electrocardiogram in acute cerebrovascular disease. Methods 400 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease admitted to the hospital from June, 2015 to June, 2017 were convenient selected as the study subjects, and were divided into three groups according to the specific types of acute cerebrovascular disease, and 189 cases of cerebral hemorrhage group. There were 147 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 64 patients with cerebral infarction. According to the characteristics of ECG changes after admission, the clinical value of the subjects in acute cerebrovascular disease was evaluated. Results Among the 400 patients, 308 case（77.0%） had electrocardiographic changes. The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram in cerebral infarction group 45 case（70.3%） and subarachnoid hemorrhage group 114 case（77.6%） was significantly lower than that in cerebral hemorrhage group（78.8%）（χ^2=8.946, P=0.01）. Among the 358 patients with abnormal electrocardiogram, 252 cases（81.8%） were improved or stabilized, and 56 case（18.2%） died. Improvement of abnormal electrocardiogram（arrhythmia, electrocardiogram,and repolarization） was significantly lower in the patients than in those who died. The difference was statistically significant（χ^2=5.335,6.065,4.926,P=0.015, 0.010,0.019）. Conclusion Electrocardiogram can effectively reflect the condition of patients with acute cerebrovascular disease, and its changes can be used as an important evaluation index for disease judgment and prognosis.