美国反校园霸凌法律政策探究及启示

An Exploration and Enlightenment of Anti-Campus Bullying Law Policy in USA

近年来,校园霸凌事件在世界各国频发,已然成为危害学生身心健康和校园安全的一大痼疾。美国作为较早对这一问题采取行动的国家,制定并完善了一系列反校园霸凌法律政策,其核心内容包括霸凌的定义、制定和实施预防霸凌计划、教职人员的培训、通报政策及免责条例、对霸凌者的惩戒及对受害者的保护程序等。经过几十年的实践证明,这些法律政策中的约束条款、层级干预及对边缘群体的保护等对预防和整治校园霸凌起到了积极的作用,同时由于此类事件的特殊性和复杂性,法律政策制定中也存在一些问题。中国校园霸凌的治理可以借鉴美国的经验和教训,及时制定并完善适合国情的相关法规和政策,建立起预防校园霸凌的长期机制。

In recent years,campus bullying has happened frequently in various countries,and it has become a chronic disease that harms students＇ physical and mental health and campus security. As the earlier countries to take action on this issue,the United States has developed and improved a series of anti-school bullying legal policies. Its core contents included the definition of bullying,formulation and implementation of strategies to prevent bullying,training of the faculty and the staff,notification of policy and exemption clause,and the clause to punish the bullies and protect the victims,etc. After decades of practice,it has proved that these policies of legal constraints,the level intervention and the protection of marginal groups have played a positive role to protect and control the campus bullying. Because of the particularity and complexity of such events,it also caused some problems.The governance of campus bullying in China can draw lessons from the experience and lessons of the United States to formulate and improve relevant regulations and policies suitable for the national conditions in a timely manner,and establish a long-term mechanism for preventing campus bullying.