论马克思的能力观

On Marx's Theory of Capability

个体能力的充分发展和正确发挥是实现人类自由全面发展的核心内容。马克思将人的能力视为主体本质力量的外化,能力通过主体的对象性活动得以实现和确证。马克思从现实的个人出发,将人的能力置于社会历史及其发展趋向基础上,考察能力在不同历史阶段所具有的阶段性特征。马克思揭示了在人对物的依赖性阶段,主体能力呈现出的特殊物化状态,并力图通过物质生产力的极大提升、自由支配时间的增加、私有制和雇佣劳动的积极扬弃,将人的能力从物化状态中解放出来,为实现人的自由全面发展开辟道路。马克思的能力观为当代中国的社会发展提供了科学的分析框架和现代的核心理念。

Developing individual capability adequately and correctly is the core of the free and comprehensive development of human. Marx regards capability as the externalization of one＇s internal strength. Capability expresses and confirms itself through the objective activities of the subject. Embarking from the persons in the real world, Marx bases individual capability on the social history, and then investigates special state of individual capability in different stages. Marx argues that in the stage of ＂personal independence based upon dependence mediated by things＂, personal capability is presented as special reification. In addition, he reckons that people can liberate themselves from this special state by promoting productivity, increasing free time and annihilating private property so as to achieve the free and comprehensive development of human. Marx＇s theory of capability provides a scientific analytical framework and key ideas for China＇s development.