基于遥感归一化指数的生态环境破坏和恢复能力的监测与评价

Monitoring and Evaluation of Ecological Environmental Damage and Recovery Capability Based on Remote Sensing Image Normalization Index

目的研究自然生态环境破坏与恢复能力的监测及评价方法,更清晰、准确地了解城市植被覆盖情况与生态环境受到破坏的程度.方法提取湖北省襄樊市遥感影像,对SPOT和TM卫星遥感数据进行生态因子归一化指数分析,通过对影像数据的正射校正、图像融合、影像配准、大气校正等一系列操作,统计植被覆盖度(NDVI指数)、土壤指数及坡度环境因子等相关参数,形成生态因子归一化指数,再对归一化后的环境因子进行进一步加权处理,得出生态环境评价结论.结果湖北省襄樊市78%地区自然生态环境处于良好和一般状态,其中约21%区域为优等环境地区,主要分布在森林集中区域及庄稼长势极好的平原;自然生态环境处于一般状态的区域大部分为耕地;评价指标最差的是城市水源地、居民地、城市交通用地,主要为人口分布密集地区,比例约为13%,其生态系统自身功能和自我恢复能力较弱.结论生态因子归一化指数方法,适用于生态环境受到破坏并评价恢复能力的研究.

Monitoring and evaluation of of destruction and restoration of natural ecological environment are studied to a clearer and more accurate understanding of urban vegetation coverage and the degree of damage to the ecological environment. The remote sensing image of Xiangfan city of Hubei province was extracted,and the ecological factor normalization index of SPOT and TM satellite remote sensing data was analyzed through a series of operations,such as orthophoto correc-tion,image fusion,image registration,atmospheric correction. Statistical vegetation cover（NDVI index）,soil index,slope environmental factors and other related parameters were analyzed too. The normalization index of ecological factors is formed,and the normalized environmental factors are further weighted to obtain the conclusion of ecological environmental assessment. The natural ecological environment in the 78% region of Xiangfan,Hubei Province,is in good and general condition,of which about 21% areas are favorable environment areas,mainly distributed in the forest area and the crops with excellent plains. The area where the natural ecological environment is in the general state is mostly arable land. The area where the evaluation index is worst is urban water source,residential land and urban traffic land,which is mainly a densely populated area with a proportion of about 13%,and its own ecosystem function and self-recovery ability are weak. The conclusion of this paper is ecological factor normalization index method can be applied to the study of the destruction of the ecological environment and the evaluation of recovery capacity.