特大型企业危险化学品突发环境事件风险评估及应急预案研究

Study on Risk Assessment and Emergency Measures of Extra Large Enterprise Hazardous Chemicals Emergent Environmental Situations

随着工业的不断发展,越来越多的危险化学品被应用到实际生产中。如何对危化品在储存和使用过程中可能造成突发环境事件的风险程度进行评估及制订相应的应急预案以实现风险可控已成为了亟待研究和解决的问题。本文以某特大型企业为例,从生产工艺、平面布置、危险化学品的储存和使用等企业基本情况进行分析,确定了环境风险物质及风险单元。基于对同类型企业的突发环境事件情景进行设定,结合企业周边环境风险受体的分布情况,运用多烟团模式对突发环境事件后果进行了模拟预测。通过环境风险物质储存量、生产工艺过程与环境风险控制水平、环境风险受体情况确定了企业的环境风险等级,制订了相应的应急预案,以实现环境风险可控。

With the continuous development of industry, more and more hazardous chemicals are applied to actual production. Thus, how to evaluate the risk level of dangerous chemicals in the process of storage and use, and to formulate corresponding contingency plans to control the risks are urgently needed to be studied and solved. In this paper, with a large enterprise taken as an example, such ba- sics of the enterprises as production technology, layout, storage and use of hazardous chemicals are analyzed, so as to determine the environmental risk material and risk unit. With the reference to related data of the same type of enterprises, different emergent environmental situations are set, and conse- quences of such emergencies are simulated by using multi smoke cluster model with the basic informa-tion of surrounding environmental risk receptors. Environmental risk level of enterprise is determined through the storage of environmental risk material, production process and environmental risk control level and environmental risk receptor. In the closing part, corresponding emergency measures are for- mulated according to the environmental risk level and proves the controllability of environment risks. The paper is of great significance to the management of hazardous chemicals in enterprises.